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pharm unit 5 > diabetes drugs > Flashcards

diabetes drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

metformin class

A

biguanide

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2
Q

metformin mechanism of action

A

decreases hepatic glucose production by inhibiting AMP-kinase and mito glycerophosphate dehydrogenase.

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3
Q

metformin benefits.

A

weight neutral, no hypoglycemia,

there are generics, fewer cardiovascular events and cancer.

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4
Q

metformin disadvantages.

A

diarrhea, abdominal discomfort. nausea, vomit, anorexia, b12 def.

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5
Q

metformin rare side effect

A

lactic acidosis

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6
Q

glyburide class

A

sulfonylurea

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7
Q

glyburide mechanism

A

closes KATP channels stimulating insulin secretion.

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8
Q

glyburide benefits

A

well-tolerated, generics available.

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9
Q

glyburide disadvantages

A

hypoglycemia. weight gain, effects ischemic preconditioning.

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10
Q

why don’t we give sulfonylureas to fat people?

A

because it increases weight.

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11
Q

glipizide class

A

sulfonylurea

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12
Q

glipizide mechanism

A

closes KATP channels stimulating insulin secretion

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13
Q

glipizide advantages

A

well-tolerated, generics

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14
Q

glipizide disadvantages

A

weight gain, hypoglycemia. may affect ischemic preconditioning

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15
Q

glimepiride class

A

sulfonylurea

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16
Q

glimepiride mechanism

A

closes K-ATP channels stimulating insulin secretion

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17
Q

glimepiride advantages

A

well-tolerated, generics

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18
Q

glimepiride disadvantages

A

hypoglycemia, weight gain, preconditioning

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19
Q

repaglinide class

A

meglitinide

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20
Q

repaglinide mechanism

A

closes KATP channels stimulates insulin secretion

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21
Q

repaglinide advantages

A

short-acting, well tolerated.

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22
Q

repaglinide disadvantages

A

there is hypoglycemia, but less than sulfonylureas. weight gain, dose before each meal.

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23
Q

what classes have the same mechanism? what is the difference

A

sulfonylurea and maglitinides. mags are shorter acting. must dose before each meal. mags also have less hypoglycemia.

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24
Q

natelglinide class

A

maglitinide

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25
natelglinide mechanism
closes kATP channels stimulating insulin secretion
26
natelglinide advantages
short-acting, well-tolerated.
27
natelglinide disadvantages
weight gain, hypoglycemia, less than sulfonylureas, dose before each meal.
28
pioglitazone class
thiazolidinediones
29
pioglitazone mechanism
transcription-factor PPAR-gamma activation. decreases insulin resistance.
30
pioglitazone advantages
no hypoglycemia, decrease in MI.
31
pioglitazone disadvantages
weight gain, edema, CHF, bone fractures, macular edema, increase in bladder cancer.
32
rosiglitazone class
thiazolidinediones
33
rosiglatazone mechanism
activation of the PPAR-gamma TF. decreases insulin resistance.
34
rosiglatazone advantages
no hypoglycemia. decrease in MI (only for pio)
35
rosiglatazone disadvantages
edema, weight gain, CHF, bone fractures, macular edema.
36
acarbose class
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
37
acarbose mechanism
competatively inhibits alpha-glucosidase in intestines, delays carbohydrate absorption reduces postprandial glucose.
38
acarbose advantages
no hypoglycemia, weight neutral, moderate efficacy in lowering the postprandial
39
acarbose disadvantages
flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal fullness, must take with a carbo meal. modest decrease in A1c.
40
miglitol class
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
41
miglitol mecahanism q
inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in the intestine. delays carbo absorption, reduces postprandial glucose
42
miglitol advantages.
no hypoglycemia, weight neutral, moderate efficacy in reducing the postprandial glucose.
43
miglitol disadvantages
flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal fullness. take with carbo meal, modest decrease in the A1c.
44
exenatide class
GLP-1 agonists
45
exenatide mechanism
activation of GLP-1, increased glucose stimulated insulin secretion. decreased glucagon secretion, slows gastric motility, increases satiety
46
exenatide advantages
promote weight loss, no hypoglycemia.
47
exenatide disadvantages
pancreatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoglycemia (less than sulfonylureas), contra with renal insuff. inject subcutaneously, c-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid cancers in animals.
48
liraglutide class
GLP-1 agonists
49
liraglutide mechanism
GLP-1 activation, glucose stimulated insulin secretion, decreased glucagon secretion, increases satiety, slows gastric motlity.
50
liraglutide advantages
weight loss, no hypoglycemia.
51
liraglutide disadvantages
pancreatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hypoglycemia (less than sulfonylureas), contra with renal insufficiency, inject subcut, c-cell hyperplasia and medullary tumor in animals.
52
dulaglutide class
GLP-1 agonist
53
dulaglutide mechanism
activates GLP-1 glucose stimulated insulin release. decreases glucagon secretion. promotes satiety, slows gastric motility.
54
dulaglutide advantages
promotes weight loss. no hypoglycemia.
55
dulaglutide disadvantages
pancreatitis, nausea, vomting, diarrhea, injection subcutaneously, c-cell hyperplasia and medullary tumor in animals. contra in renal insuff. hypoglycemia (less than sulfonylureas)
56
albiglutide class
GLP-1 agonists
57
albiglutide mechanism
activates GLP-1 glucose stimulated insulin release, decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric motility, increases satiety.
58
albiglutide advantages
weight loss, no hypoglycemia.
59
albiglutide disadvantages
pancreatitis, nausea, vomting, diarrhea, contraindicated in renal insufficiency, injection subcutaneously, hypoglycemia (less than sulfonylureas), c-cell hyperplasia and medullary tumors in animals
60
satagliptin class
DPP-4 inhibitors
61
satagliptin mechanism
inhibit the metabolism of GLP-1
62
satagliptin advantages
weight neutral, no hypoglycemia, well-tolerated.
63
satagliptin disadvantages
pacreatitis, runny nose, URI, HA
64
saxagliptin class
DPP-4 inhibitors
65
saxagliptin mechanisdm
inhibits the metabolism of GLP-1
66
saxagliptin advantages
no hypoglycemia, well-tolerated, weight neutral.
67
saxagliptin disadvantages
pancreatitis, runny nose, URI, HA
68
linagliptin class
DPP-1 inhbitors
69
linagliptin mechanism
inhibits the metabolism of GLP-1
70
linagliptin advantages
weight neutral, well-tolerated, no hypoglycemia.
71
linagliptin disadvantages
pancreatitis, runny nose, HA, URI
72
agloliptin class
DPP-4 inhibition
73
agloliptin mechanism
inhibits the metabolism of GLP-1
74
agloliptin advantages
weight neutral, no hypoglycemia, well-tolerateed.
75
agloliptin disadvantages
pancreatitis, runny nose, URI, HA
76
canagloflozin class
SGLT2-inhibitors
77
canagloflozin mechanism
reduces glucose reuptake in the kidney. increases urinary glucose
78
canagloflozin advantages
weight loss, no hypoglycemia
79
canagloflozin disadvantages
genital mycotic infections, UTI, hypotension, impaired renal function, hyperkalemia, HSR, increases LDL
80
dapagliflozin class
SGLT2-inhibitor
81
dapagliflozin mechanism
inhibits glucose reuptake in the kidney. increases urinary glucose.
82
dapagliflozin advantages
weight loss, no hypoglycemia,
83
dapagliflozin disadvantages
genital mycotic infection, hypotension, hyperkalemia, UTI, impaired renal function, HSR, increases in LDL.
84
empagliflozin class
SGLT2-inhibtion
85
empagliflozin mechanism
inhibition of glucose repute in the kidney. increases urinary glucose.
86
empagliflozin adbvantages
weightloss, no hypoglycemia
87
empagliflozin disadvantages
genital mycotic infection, UTI, impaired renal function, hypotension, HSR, increases LDL, hyperkalemia.
88
which oral drugs cause weight loss in T2D
SGLT-2 and the GLP-1
89
which orals are weight neutral in T2D
metformin, alpha glucosidase inhbitors and DPP-4
90
which agents cause weight gain in T2D
insulin, thiazolid. sulfonylureas, and meglitinides

pharm unit 5 (12 decks)

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