Diabetes Meds

Question 1

Glipizide, Glimepride and Glyburide belong to what group?

Answer 1

Sulfonylureas

Question 2

Hypoglycemia is most likely to be caused by what group?

Answer 2

Sulfonylureas - especially Glyburide due to its longer half life
All sulfonyureas also cause weight gain

Question 3

What class stimulates insulin release from the pancreas?

Answer 3

Sulfonylureas

Question 4

What group most commonly cause diarrhea, vomiting, and other
gastrointestinal symptoms?

Answer 4

Biguanides

Question 5

In high-risk patients such as those with heart failure, sepsis, or impaired kidney
function, biguanides can also result in?

Answer 5

Lactic acidosis

Question 6

The only biguanide currently available is ?

Answer 6

metformin

Question 7

Metformin mechanism of action?

Answer 7

inhibits glucose production by the liver

Question 8

The most common adverse effects of this group include headache, nasopharyngitis, infections of the urinary tract or upper respiratory tract, and elevated liver enzymes.

Answer 8

DPP-4 inhibitors : saxagliptin - januvia sitagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin,

Question 9

DPP-4 inhibitors mechanism of action?

Answer 9

inhibit DPP-4 activity so increase insulin and decrease glucagon

Question 10

Those with pancreatitis should avoid what class of diabetic medications?

Answer 10

DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 11

The most common adverse effects of this group are? urinary tract infections, candidiasis, dehydration, and hypovolemia, necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 11

SGLT2 inhibitors, such as canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin - jardiance

Question 12

SGLT2 mechanism of action?

Answer 12

Inhibit SGLT2 in proximal nephron and blocks glucose reabsorption by kidneys = glycosuria

Question 13

DKA can persist 10-14 days after discontinuation of this group?

Answer 13

SGLT2 inhibitors

Question 14

FDA approved for decreasing worsening of CHF?

Answer 14

dapagliflozin - farxiga

Question 15

Their adverse
effects include weight gain, salt retention, edema, and, for some patients, cardiovascular complications?

Answer 15

Only two thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are available in the United States.

Question 16

Mechanism thiazolidinediones?

Answer 16

Sensitize peripheral tissues to insulin

Question 17

What medication is contraindicated in patients with heart failure, hemodynamic instability, and
hepatic dysfunction?

Answer 17

Pioglitazone in particular

Question 18

Which GLP-1 has been FDA approved to lower risk of cardiovascular events?

Answer 18

Liraglutide

Question 19

Which GLP-1 is contraindicated with pancreatitis?

Answer 19

Liraglutide

Question 20

Which GLP-1 is best for weight loss and does not cause hypoglycemia?

Answer 20

Exanetide

Question 21

Mechanism of GLP-1?

Answer 21

increase insulin secretion, decrease glucagon, increase satiety and slow gastric emptying

Question 22

Which class slows carbohydrate digestion and absorption?

Answer 22

Glucosidase inhibitors