Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is the purpose of Glacagon?

Answer 1

RAISES blood glucose level

Question 2

What is the purpose of Insulin?

Answer 2

LOWERS blood glucose levels

Question 3

What is the major difference in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 3

Type 1 has no insulin production and type 2 has some insulin production

Question 4

Type 2 diabetes are associated with what 2 factors?

Answer 4

Obesity and high caloric intake

Question 5

What is the most dangerous type of fat in our bodies?

Answer 5

Fat stored in the abdomen

Question 6

What 4 things must be present for Metabolic Syndrome or Syndrome X?

Answer 6

Abdominal Obesity, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Dyslipemia

Question 7

Name 4 signs and symptoms of Diabetes?

Answer 7

Tired all the time, always thirsty, need to urinate often, always hungry, sudden weight loss, blurred vision, wounds don’t heal, frequent vaginal infections,numb and/or tingling hands/feet

Question 8

What are the normal ranges for blood sugars?

Answer 8

NBS:81-110, FBS: 70-110, HYPOGLY:110 and esp >150

Question 9

Best test for long time blood sugar levels?

Answer 9

HbA1c: Normal- 4-6%, Needs treatment if >8%

Question 10

Diagnostic urine test, tests for what 3 things?

Answer 10

Presence of ketones, renal function, glucose

Question 11

Encourage what 2 things in pt teaching for diabetes?

Answer 11

Proper Diabetic diet and regular exercise

Question 12

What is the onset and peak for rapid acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?

Answer 12

Onset- 30 min-1 hr, Peak- 2-3 hrs, Humalog and Novolog, Give IMMEDIATELY before meal as onset is very fast

Question 13

What is the onset and peak for short acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?

Answer 13

Onset- 30 min-1 hr, Peak- 2-3 hrs, Regular Insulin, Humulin R, Regular insulin is only insulin given IV

Question 14

What is the onset and peak for Intermediate acting insulin? Given an example?

Answer 14

Onset- 1-2 hrs, Peak- 6-12hrs, Humulin L

Question 15

What is the onset and peak for long acting insulin? Given an example? Important consideration?

Answer 15

Onset- 4-6 hrs, Peak- 24 hrs/ no peak, Lantus, NO peak and can not be combined with other insulins

Question 16

Important teaching for pt in hospital that is not diabetic but given insulin?

Answer 16

Teach that the insulin therapy is temporary

Question 17

Important “Sick-Day” rules?

Answer 17

Monitor BS every 2-4 hr, **-take insulin as usual, force fluids, Call MD if not able to keep anything down for 4 hrs

Question 18

Important teaching for Diabetic pts?

Answer 18

Inspect feet thoroughly daily