Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the 6 P’s?
Pain, Pallor, Polar, Pulses, Paresthesia, Paralysis
What test is used to diagnose Osteoporosis?
DEXA scan
What cell in the body removes old bone?
Osteoclasts
What cell in the body adds new bone?
Osteoblasts
Examples of Secondary Osteoporosis?
Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Use of anticonvulsants or steroids
Risk factors for primary Osteoporosis?
Female, Age >60, Family history, Caucasian or Asian, Thin, lean body build, Decreased calcium intake
Examples of non-dairy calcium?
Fortified Orange Juice, Dark green leafy vegetables
High dietary intake of what 2 things cause loss of calcium in the urine?
Protein and sodium
Prevention items for OP?
***Engage in regular weight-bearing exercise
Get daily recommended amounts of calcium and Vit D
Name 4 types of fractures?
Complete, Incomplete, Open, Closed, Pathologic, Stress, Compression
How many fracture grades are there?
3 Grades ( Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3)
Types of Immobilization?
Bandages, Casts, Traction
Pt teaching for bandages?
Elevation to reduce edema, Assess for circulation changes, Keep dry and clean to prevent skin breakdown and Infection
Pt teaching for Casts?
Elevation to reduce edema, Keep dry and clean to prevent skin breakdown and Infection, If it becomes too TIGHT or too LOOSE call the MD, Do not put anything in it.
Things to know with Plaster of Paris casts.
Warn Pt of heat when applied, takes 1-3 days to dry, Handle only with palms till dry, elevate on cloth covered pillow not plastic, Ice for swelling, Notify MD if pain increases
What are the 2 types of traction?
Skin and Skeletal
Why Buck’s traction is used and is it skin or skeletal traction?
Skin, Used to reduce muscle spasms and pain of hip fracture, Keep pt in alignment.
Things to know with Buck’s traction.
Weight should be free hanging, remove boot and inspect skin every 8 hrs
Things to know about calcium supplements?
Daily rec: 1200-1500 mg, take in 2 doses, take with 8 ozs of water.
What group of medications are used to prevent and treat Osteoporosis?
Biphosphonates
Important teaching with Biphosphonates?
Take first thing in the morning on empty stomach, remain upright for 30 minutes, do not eat or drink until after 30 min of taking
What is the suspected cause of Pager’s disease?
Latent viral infection
Osteomalacia is associated with a deficiency of what?
Vit. D
What Gout medication inhibits inflammation and reduces pain?
Colchicine
