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MS 3 > Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is the exocrine part of the pancreas?

A

Acini cells

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2
Q

What are the three enzymes released by the acini cells?

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Lipase
  3. Trypsin
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3
Q

What is the endocrine part of the pancreas?

A

islet of Langerhaans

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4
Q

What do the alpha and beta cells release?

A
  1. alpha - glucagon
  2. beta - insulin
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5
Q

What is another name for Diabetes Mellitus 1?

A

insulin dependent

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6
Q

When does DM1 occur?

A

as early as 6 years old or birth

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7
Q

What percentage of DM patients does DM1 affect?

A

10%

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8
Q

What is the cause of DM1?

A

Heredity

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9
Q

What is the management of DM1?

A

insulin

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10
Q

What are the manifestations of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in DM1?

A
  1. Kussmaul’s breathing
  2. Fruity breath / acetone breath
  3. Monomorphic tachycardia
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11
Q

When does DM2 occcur?

A

Usual onset is adulthood

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12
Q

What is the cause of DM2?

A
  1. Diet
  2. Sedentary lifestyle
  3. Obesity
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13
Q

What is another name for DM2?

A

insulin resistant

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14
Q

What percentage of DM patients does DM2 affect?

A

90%

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15
Q

What is the management for DM2?

A

Oral hypoglycemic agents

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16
Q

What is the complication of DM2?

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Acidosis

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17
Q

What are the hallmark signs of diabetes?

A
  1. Polyphagia
  2. Polydipsia
  3. Polyuria
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18
Q

What causes polyphagia in diabetic patients?

A

No glucose for cell = cell starvation = signals the hypothalamus to increase appetite

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19
Q

What causes polyuria and polydipsia in diabetic patients?

A

Increased glucose in the blood increases diuresis = frequent urination and dehydration

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20
Q

What is glycosuria?

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A

excretion of glucose in urine, occurs when blood sugar level reaches 180 g/dL

21
Q

What are the manifesations of increased glucose in the blood?

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A

Reduced blood viscosity and diuresis

22
Q

What occurs if there is reduced blood viscosity?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Reduced tissue perfusion
  2. Delayed wound healing
23
Q

What occurs when there is decreased tissue perfusion?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Retinopathy
  2. Nephropathy
  3. Neuropathy
24
Q

What occurs when there is delayed wound healing?

25
What causes Gestaional Diabetes Mellitus?
human placental lactogen has an anti-insulin effect on the mother so that the glucose in the mother's body can go to the fetus
26
What can HPL cause?
Macrosomia
27
What is the important reminders for Diabetic Foot Care?
BASICS TA Bawal barefoot Apply lotion Shoes well-fitted Inspect foot daily Cotton socks Soap, mild Tapping motion when drying Avoid hot water
28
What are the diagnostic procedures for Diabetes Mellitus?
1. Capillary Blood Glucose 2. Hemoglobin A1C 3. FBS 4. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
29
What important question should you ask the patient for CBG?
Ask if they have eaten in the last 30 minutes to 1 hour
30
What is the expected values for CBG?
70 - 100 g/dL
31
What is HbA1C?
Glycosylated hemoglobin
32
What is the benefit of HbA1C?
It can test the compliance of the patient to the regimen as it can test the blood sugar for the past 3 months
33
What important reminders should you give the patient for FBS?
No meals post midnight or 6-8 hours of fasting
34
What are the expected values in FBS?
1. 70 - 100 g/dL (Normal) 2. 100 - 125 g/dL (Prediabetic) 3. 125 and above (Diabetic)
35
What is the best test for diagnosing DM?
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
36
How long should you wait after giving the patient a sweet drink?
2 hours
37
What is the criteria for diagnosing DM in OGTT?
140 g/dL and above (Diabetic)
38
What are the types of insulin?
RARE IN LOVE 1. Rapid 2. Regular 3. Intermediate 4. Long 5. Very Long
39
What are examples of Rapid Insulin?
1. Humalog 2. Aspart 3. Lispro
40
When is the peak of Rapid Insulin?
30 - 60 minutes
41
What are examples of Regular Insulin?
Suffix R
42
When is the peak of Regular Insulin?
2-3 hours
43
What are examples of Intermediate Insulin?
Suffix N
44
When is the peak of Intermediate Insulin?
6-12 hours
45
What are examples of Long Acting Insulin?
Suffix U or ultratente
46
When is the peak of Long Acting Insulin?
12-16 hours
47
What is an example of Very Long Acting Insulin?
Lantus
48
When is the peak of Very Long Acting Insulin?
no peak, works for 24 hours

MS 3 (22 decks)

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