Diabetes Part 2 Flashcards
(31 cards)
what are higher risk populations in Canada for diabetes?
Canadians of HIspanic, Asian, South Asian, or African
- also Aboriginals
- pregnant women
what is type 1 diabetes?
body’s own immune system attacks cells in the pancreas that produces insulin
what is type 2 diabetes?
the pancreas does not produce enough insulin and/or the body’s tissues do not respond to the action of glucose
what is type 2 diabetes caused by?
genetic and environmental factos
what is gestational diabetes?
diabetes with first onset or recognition during pregnancy
what does gestational diabetes put the women at higher risk for later in life?
type 2 diabetes
6 reasons DM is more prominent in older adults?
- changed in carb metb
- poor diet
- dec. activity
- dec. lean body mass
- altered insulin secretion
- inc. fat tissue
what impacts did hunger have on indigenous peoples for diabetes?
starvation altered pituitary and stress response - inhibits growth factor and changes their lipid metabolism
what are non-modifiable risk factors of DM?
- aging
- race
- genetics
- gender
what are modifiable risk factors of DM?
- HTN
- elevated lipids
- diet
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- chronic inflm
- alcohol/smoking
what are some other complications of DM?
- digestive problems
- thyroid problems
- sexual dysfx
- UTI and vaginal infection
- carpel tunnel syndrome
what are the 3 mnfts of hyperG?
- polyuria (excessive urination)
- polyphagia (inc. hunger)
- polydispsia (inc. thirst)
what is considered hypoG according to VIHA?
3.9mmol/L and below!
what are 5 errors that can occur when self-monitoring BG levels?
- blood amount too small
- improper maintenance of machine
- damage to monitor strips
- if strips get wet
- teaching and eval critical
what is the fasting glucose test?
to measure the amount of glucose in blood after no caloric intake
what is the glucose tolerance test?
done after FBG
- the patient drinks a standard solution of glucose to challenge his/her system
- other BG taken at other intervals
when will there be ketones in the urine?
when no effective insulin is available
- body breaks down stored fat for energy, ketones are the product
what can ketones in the blood and urine cause?
diabetic ketoacidosis
what different meds are usually needed by patients with DM
- those to lower BG
- lower cholesterol
- lower BP
- general vascular protection (ASA)
what are 2 subcut delivery methods for insulin?
- inject subcut
- pen
- pump
what is the action of metformin (biguanides)?
- dec. the hepatic glucose production
- decreases intestinal glucose absorption
- inc. insulin sensitivity
who do you not want to give metformin to?
those with renal impairment, liver failure, HF, MI or stroke
what do you need to monitor when giving metformin?
creatinine
what are acceptable creatinine levels for men and women?
men: >133
women >112
