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N232 > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the classification of asprin (ASA)?

A

NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)

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2
Q

what is the safe dose, route, and frequency of ASA?

A
  • PO
  • dosage preventing cardiovascular events should be low
  • chronic therapy: 81mg/day
  • higher dose: 325mg/day (initial dose)
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3
Q

what is the mechanism of action of ASA?

A

suppresses platelet aggregation by causing irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase –> blocks synthesis of TXA

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4
Q

what are the therapeutic uses for ASA?

A

ischemic stroke, TIAs, chronic stable angina, unstable angina, coronary stenting, acute MI, previous MI, primary prevention of MI

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5
Q

what are the common SE of ASA?

A

risk of GI bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke

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6
Q

what are the nursing considerations for ASA?

A
  • Pre and Post checks: allergies, pain, children under 19 should not take post viral infections
  • Teaching: give with full glass of water/food, do not give enteric coated with milk
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7
Q

what is the classification of acetaminophen?

A

anti-pyretic, non-narcotic analgesic

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8
Q

what routes can acetaminophen be given?

A

tablets, suppositories, and liquid form

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9
Q

what is the action of acetaminophen?

A

reduces prostaglandin synthesis

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10
Q

what is the indication of acetaminophen?

A

treatment of mild pain and fever (DOES NOT treat inflammation)

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11
Q

what pharmacological considerations do we need to know about acetaminophen?

A
  • rapid onset
  • peak = 0.5-2 hours
  • duration 3-4 hours
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12
Q

what are SE of acetaminophen?

A

too much can result in liver damage (jaundice, liver function test will tell condition)

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13
Q

what are nursing considerations for acetaminophen?

A
  • allergies, pain
  • DO NOT exceed 4g/day
  • teaching: check other OTC medications for presence of acetaminophen like T3s and tramadol
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14
Q

what is the classification is cefazolin?

A

anti-infective

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15
Q

how is cefazolin administered?

A

IV and IM

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16
Q

what is the safe dose range of cefazolin?

A

in adults: every 6-8 hours (2-12g/kg)

- in children 80-160mg/kg

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17
Q

what is the action of cefazolin?

A

agents bind to penecilin-binfing proteins and thereby disrupt cell wall synthesis and activate autolysins

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18
Q

what is the therapeutic use of cefazolin?

A

Used to treat a broad spectrum of bacterial infections and commonly prescribed to people with mild penicillin allergies

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19
Q

pharmacological considerations of cefazolin?

A

Half-life for people with normal renal function: 1.5-2.2 hr

People with severe renal impairment: 24-50 hours

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20
Q

what are some possible SE of cefazolin?

A

one of the safest groups of antimicrobial drugs, however, allergic reactions, bleeding, thrombophlebitis, hemolytic anemia, and other adverse effects may occur in rare cases

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21
Q

pre-assessment of cefazolin?

A

need to determine therapeutic goal, baseline data, and identify high-risk patients to ensure drug will be safe and effective

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22
Q

ongoing interventions and evaluations of cefazolin?

A

monitor for indications of antimicrobial effects (eg reduction of fever, pain, inflammation, and improved appetite or sense of wellbeing

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23
Q

what do nurses need to advise patients to do while taking cefazolin?

A

report any signs of allergy, and advise patients to not drink alcohol while taking this medication .

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24
Q

what classification is fentanyl?

A

opioid antagonist

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25
what is the common route of fentanyl?
transdermal
26
what is the action of fentanyl?
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alters the reception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression
27
what is the indication of fentanyl?
moderate to severe chronic pain requiring 24/7 opioid Tx
28
what are some SE of fentanyl?
respiratory depression, constipation
29
what are nursing interventions for fentanyl?
Pre-post checks: allergies, pain assessment, resp rate, BP
30
what classification is ibuprofen?
NSAID, antipyretic
31
what is the safe dose of ibuprofen?
200-400mg
32
what are common forms of ibuprofen?
suppositories, enteric coated tablets
33
what is the action of ibuprofen?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, decreases platelet aggregation
34
what are the indications of ibuprofen?
inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate pain, fever, prophylaxis of TIA and MI
35
what are SE of ibuprofen?
nausea, tinnitus, GI bleeding
36
what are some nursing interventions and teaching for ibuprofen?
- Allergies, pain assessment, Hx of GI bleeds, renal insufficiency - Teaching: give with full glass of water, food avoid ETOH
37
what is the classification of morphine?
opioid analgesic
38
what are the common forms of morphine?
tablets, capsules, parenteral, suppositories, ER forms
39
what is the action of morphine?
Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS | Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression
40
Pharm of morphine?
Rapid onset, lasts 7 hours
41
what are some SE of morphine?
respiratory depression, constipation
42
what are nursing implications of morphine?
Pre-post checks: allergies, pain assessment, resp rate, BP
43
what is the class of naloxone?
opioid antagonist
44
what route(s) is naloxone given?
cannot be taken PO (first-pass effect) | - IV, IM, or subQ
45
what is the action of naloxone?
Acts as competitive antagonist at opioid receptors, thereby blocking opioid actions
46
what is the onset for IV of naloxone?
immediate
47
what is the onset of IM/subQ naloxone?
2-5 min onset
48
what is the half-life of naloxone?
2 hours
49
what is the classification of vancomyosin?
glycopeptide antibiotic
50
what is the IV dosing for vancomyosin?
intermittent infusion over 60 minutes or longer. 15-20 mg/kg every 8-12 hours. A loading dose of 25-30 mg/kg may be used.
51
what is the oral dosing for vancomyosin?
125 mg PO 4x/day for 10-14 days
52
what is the rectal dosing for vancomyosin?
500mg in 100 mL of normal saline every 6 hours, using a retention enema
53
what is the action of vancomyosin?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to molecules that serve as precursors for cell wall biosynthesis, and thereby promotes bacterial lysis and death.
54
what is the indication of vancomyosin?
Prescribed as an antibiotic to treat serious infections caused by MRSA or staph with susceptible organisms in patients allergic to penicillin.
55
what are some possible SE of vancomyosin?
The major toxicity is renal failure - red man syndrome (flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension), - thrombophlebitis, and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
56
what are pre assessments for vancomyosin?
need to determine therapeutic goal, baseline data, and identify high-risk patients to ensure drug will be safe and effective.
57
what is an ongoing evaluation and intervention for vancomyosin?
monitor for indications of antimicrobial effects (eg reduction of fever, pain, inflammation, and improved appetite or sense of wellbeing. Decreased diarrhea in patients with CDI) Instruct
58
what do nurses need to instruct patients to complete on vancomyosin?
entire prescribed course of therapy even if symptoms subside before round is over.
59
what is the classification of hydromorphone?
synthetic opioid
60
what is the indication of hydromorphone?
chronic moderate-severe pain
61
what is the onset of hydromorphone?
12-24 hours
62
what is the peak of hydromorphone?
48-72 hours
63
what is the duration of hydromorphone?
13-40 hours
64
what are contraindications of hydromorphone?
6-12 hours to reach steady state

N232 (9 decks)

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