Diabetes Properties

Question 1

Biguanides

Answer 1

Lowers glucose

ADRs: N/V/D, lactic acidosis

Question 2

Sulfonylureas

Answer 2

Increases insulin sensitivity and secretion
ADRs: hypoglycemia, N/V
CIs: DKA, severe liver or renal dz, hypoglycemia unaware.

Question 3

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor

Answer 3

Renal elimination of glucose
ADRs: UTI, candidiasis
CI: severe renal dz, end-stage renal dz, dialysis
Warnings: hypotension, bladder cancer, ketoacidosis

Question 4

GLP-1 Agonists

Answer 4

Secretion of insulin from fxning betas, lowered glucose production
Weight loss
ADRs: N/V/D
CIs: pancreatitis, gastroparesis, thyroid cancer

Question 5

DPP-4 Inhibitors

Answer 5

Increased insulin secretion; suppresses glucagon secretion
CIs: pancreatitis, DKA, T1DM
ADRs: URIs, URTIs, HA

Question 6

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 6

Increased insulin sensitivity, decreased hepatic glucose output
ADRs: weight gain, anemia, edema, CHF

Question 7

Meglitinides

Answer 7

Stimulate insulin secretion from fxning betas

ADRs: hypoglycemia, weight gain

Question 8

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Answer 8

Does not increase insulin levels, affects sucrose absorp.
ADRs: diarrhea, abd. pain, flatulence
CI: inflammatory bowel dz, short-bowel syndrome, cirrhosis

Question 9

Amylin Analogs

Answer 9

Suppresses postprandial glucagon secretions and slows gastric emptying
Weight loss
ADRs: N/V, hypoglycemia
CIs: gastroparesis, hypoglycemia unawareness, A1c > 9%