Diabetes_Oral Hypoglycemics

Question 1

Sulfonylureas and metformin can each decrease fasting glucose by what percentage?

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

Sulfonylureas and metformin can each decrease HbA1c by what percentage?

Answer 2

1%-2%

Question 3

After 3 years of monotherapy, what percentage of patients will require the addition of a second medication for glycemic control?

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

What is the BP goal for diabetics?

Answer 4

SBP <130 mm Hg and DBP <80 mm Hg

Question 5

Why is BP control important in diabetics?

Answer 5

• A 10-mm Hg reduction in systolic BP is associated with a 12% risk reduction in any diabetes-related complication.

Question 6

Biguanides

• example
• mechanism of action
• side effects

Answer 6

Question 7

Sulfonylureas

• example
• mechanism of action
• side effects

Answer 7

Question 8

GLP1 agonists

• example
• mechanism of action
• side effects

Answer 8

Question 9

DPP4 inhibitors

• example
• mechanism of action
• side effects

Answer 9

Question 10

SGLT2 inhitors

• example
• mechanism of action
• side effects

Answer 10

Question 11

What is the LDL goal for diabetics?

Answer 11

LDL <100 mg/dL

Question 12

In addition to cholesterol and BP control, what other interventions are recommended for diabetics to reduce macrovascular complications?

Answer 12

• Smoking cessation
• daily aspirin if the risk of developing coronary artery disease over the next 10 years is >10%

Question 13

Which vaccines should be given to diabetics?

Answer 13

• Yearly influenza vaccine
• pneumonia vaccine (repeat dose after age 65 if the first dose was given prior to age 65 and was given 5 years previously)

Question 14

Name the different types of insulin and their approximate duration of action.

Answer 14