Sports & Occupational Medicine _ Sports and Work Injuries

Question 1

What is the continuum of exertional heat illness?

Answer 1

• Heat stress → heat cramps → heat exhaustion → heat stroke

Question 2

What factors increase the risk for heat illness?

Answer 2

• Vigorous activity
• wet clothing
• poor conditioning
• obesity
• medications that effect the autonomic nervous system
• extremes of age
• diuretic supplements
• poor acclimatization

Question 3

The symptoms of weakness, sweating, flushing, piloerection, headache, and dyspnea suggest what heat syndrome?

Answer 3

Heat exhastion

Question 4

The symptoms of weakness, sweating, flushing, piloerection, headache, and dyspnea; and presence of central nervous system changes suggest what heat syndrome?

Answer 4

Heat Stroke

Question 5

A core temprature greater than what is diagnostic for heat stroke?

Answer 5

>40°C

Question 6

What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?

Answer 6

Moderate cooling and oral hydration

Question 7

What is the treatment for heat stroke?

Answer 7

• rapid cooling with ice packs and baths
• IV fluids and urgent transport to medical facility

Question 8

What is the initial treatment of frostbite to help prevent furhter tissue damage?

Answer 8

Rapid rewarming in hot bath at 40 ^oC

Question 9

What are absolute contraindications to exercise in pregnancy?

Answer 9

• preterm labour
• ruptured membraines
• incompetent cervix
• poor fetal growth
• pregnancy-induced hypertension
• multiple gestation
• persistent bleeding after 12 weeks

Question 10

How do you calculate maximum heart rate (HR max ) for aerobic exercise?

Answer 10

• HR max = 220−age

Question 11

What is the calculation to determine target heart rate (THR)?

Answer 11

THR = ([HR max −resting heart rate] × % of desired training intensity) + resting heart rate

Question 12

What is the THR for increasing aerobic capacity?

Answer 12

70% of the maximum heart rate