Diagnoses Flashcards by Kalyani Nair

Laceration to lung parenchyma with flap leading to pressure in thorax and hyperresonant percussion on affected side

Tension pneumothorax

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Multiple rib fractures, chest wall disconnects from thoracic cage, pulmonary contusion, abnormal chest motion

Flail chest

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Beck’s triad, pulsus paradoxus

Cardiac tamponade

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Deceleration injury, contained haematoma and widened mediastinum

Aortic disruption/rupture

Usually incomplete laceration near ligamentum arteriosum

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Tearing, sudden onset chest pain, BP difference >20mm Hg, early diastolic murmur, sometimes ST elevation in inferior leads, CXR widened mediastinum

Aortic dissection

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Blunt trauma and CT shows large amount of retroperitoneal air

Duodenal injury

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Blood at urethral meatus, perineal haematoma, urinary retention

Bulbar urethral rupture

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Pelvic fracture, penile/perineal oedema, high riding prostate on PR

Membraneous urethral rupture

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Complete ophthalmoplegia + ptosis, RAPD, pupillary dilation, altered sensation from forehead to vertex

Superior orbital fissure syndrome

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Pain, proptosis, no pupillary reactions, paralysis, loss of visual acuity (colour first)

Retrobulbar haemorrhage

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Deceleration injury causing mechanical shearing

Diffuse axonal injury

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Abdo pain, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, constipation, blue lines gum margin

Lead poisoning

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Isolated hemisensory loss

Lacunar infarct

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Hemiparesis/sensory loss, homonymous hemianopia and dysphasia

Total anterior circulation infarct

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Ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus dysphagia, facial numbness, contralateral limb sensory loss

Lateral medullary syndrome (PICA)

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Hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia

Addisonian crisis

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Unwell patient with low TSH, T3 and thyroxine

Sick euthyroid syndrome

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Acute severe abdo pain + reticulocystosis

Sickle cell anaemia

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Acute severe abdo pain + reticulocytopenia

Parvovirus causing transient aplastic crisis

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Loss of shoulder abduction, internally rotated, extended elbow and pronated forearm

Erb’s palsy (waiter’s tip position)

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Claw hand, loss of wrist flexors, loss of sensation over medial aspect of forearm and hand, Horner’s syndrome

Klumpke’s paralysis

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Bleeding, increased fibrin degradation products, low platelet count

DIC

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Reduced sensation on dorm of foot and weakness of foot dorsiflexion

Sciatic nerve injury

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Blow-out fracture of atlas

Jefferson fracture

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Bilateral fracture of pars interarticularis

Hangman's fracture

Facial weakness on one side and unable to raise eyebrows

Bell's palsy

Facial weakness on one side but able to raise eyebrowns

UMN lesion (stroke)

Obese adolescent, groin/knee pain

SUFE

Transient scrotal swelling, appears on standing, disappears on lying

varicocele

Pea shaped lump at superior pole of testicle on posterior aspect enlarging very slowly

epididymal cyst

Sudden onset testicular pain, intact cremasteric reflex, blue dot on scrotum

torsion of hyatid of Morgagni

Hyponatraemia and confusion following TURP

TURP syndrome

Solitary bleeding ulcer on tongue

SCC

Anaemia, jaundice, enlarged spleen

hereditary spherocytosis

Breast lump following trauma

Fat necrosis

Clear/blood stained discharge from breast

Intraductal papilloma

Tender, fluctuant breast mass

Breast abscess

Thick, green breast discharge, smoker

Duct ectasia

Local thrombophlebitis of breast vein

Mondor's disease of the breadt

40-50s, painless mobile breast lump >3cm, rapid increase in size

Phyllodes tumour

Nipple discharge, gynaecomastia + poor vision

Prolactinoma

Ipsilateral loss of position, light touch and vibration, contralateral loss of pain and temperature

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Young child, colicky abdo pain, vomiting, redcurrant jelly stool, sausage shaped mass

intussusception

Projectile non bilious vomiting in first 4-6 weeks

pyloric stenosis

Delayed passage of meconium and abdo distension

Hirschprung's disease

<4 years, abdominal mass and haematuria

Wilm's tumour

<12 years, limp, hip pain, boy

Perthes disease

Baby with episodes of cyanosis during feeding

choanal atresia

Child with neck swelling posterior triangle, soft and transilluminates

cystic hygroma

Anterior triangle neck lump, midline, moves on tongue protrusion

Thyroglossal cyst

Child with neck lump anterior to SCM near angle of mandible

Branchial cyst

Child with midline cystic mass around level of carina

Bronchogenic cyst

Multiple lesions over face and trunk, greasy scale

Seborrhoeic keratosis

Rash, urinary frequency, haematuria, bladder calcification, recent travel abroad

Schistosoma haematobium

Hyponatraemia, fluid overload, glycine toxicity

TUR syndrome

Pregnancy and frank haematuria

Placenta percreta

Hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity following surgery

malignant hyperthermia

Low TSH high T4

thyrotoxicosis

High TSH low T4

primary hypothyroidism

Low TSH low T4

secondary hypothyroidism

Hospital inpatient, unwell, low/normal TSH, low T4

Sick euthyroid syndrome

High TSH, normal/high T4

Poor thyroxine compliance

Bilateral SNHL + goitre + hypothyroidism

Pendred's syndrome

Hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypotension

Addisonian crisis

Tender goitre, hyperthyroidism, raised ESR

subacute thyroiditis

Solitary dermal nodule occurring after trauma

Dermatofibroma

Ulcerated lesion with raised pearly edges at sun exposed site

BCC

Child with mass over long bone

Ewing's sarcoma

Lower back pain, abdominal fullness, hypertension, medially displaced ureters, peri/para aortic mass

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Abdo pain, previous intussusception surgery, brown spots around mouth feet and hands

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Claudication of buttocks + thighs, atrophy of leg musculature, impotence

Leriche syndrome

Viral illness, retinitis, 6 weeks post transplantation

CMV

Viral illness > 6 months post transplantation

EBV

FOOSH #

Colle's #

Falling backwards onto palm of outstretched hand/with wrists flexed #

Smiths' #

Fist fights #

Bennet's #

FOOSH with forced pronation

Monteggia's #

Fall onto extended and pronated wrist #

Barton's #

Teenage girl with knee pain on walking down the stairs

chondromalacia patellae

Pain in medial proximal tibia, negative McMurray's test

pes anserinus bursitis

Arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

Felty's syndrome

Recent travel + swimming, stool floats in water

Giardia lamblia

Eye down and out

CN III palsy

Painful 3rd nerve palsy

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

vertical diplopia

4th nerve palsy

high AFP + chronic liver inflammation

HCC

Diagnoses Flashcards

(86 cards)