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MRCS PART A > Signs > Flashcards

Signs Flashcards

1
Q

Beck’s triad

A

elevated JVP
low BP
muffled heart sounds

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2
Q

Ring sign CXR

A

Aortic dissection

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3
Q

Thunderclap headache

A

SAH

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4
Q

Swirl sign CT

A

Intracerebral haematoma

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5
Q

Cushing’s reflex

A

hypertension
bradycardia
(indicates coning)

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6
Q

Battle’s sign

A

basal skull fracture

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7
Q

Panda eyes

A

basal skull fracture

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8
Q

Curling’s ulcer

A

stress ulcers due to burns

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9
Q

Cushing’s ulcer

A

raised ICP

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10
Q

J wave ECG

A

hypothermia

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11
Q

beta-2-transferrin assay

A

CSF rhinorrhoea

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12
Q

Wrist drop

A

Radial nerve palsy

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13
Q

Claw hand

A

Ulnar nerve palsy

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14
Q

Froment’s sign to check which nerve

A

Adductor pollicis

deep branch of ulnar nerve

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15
Q

Winged scapula nerve injury

A

long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

increased JVP on inspiration

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17
Q

Doughnut sign USS

A

Intussusception

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18
Q

Target sign USS

A

Intussusception

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19
Q

U wave ECG

A

hypokalaemia

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20
Q

Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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21
Q

High calcitonin

A

Medullary thyroid CA

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22
Q

Coffee bean sign XR

A

Volvulus

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23
Q

Bird’s beak sign contrast enema

A

volvulus

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24
Q

Pupil down and out

A

CN III palsy

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25
Q

Hyper-segmented neutrophils

A

Megaloblastic anaemia

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26
Q

Apple green bifringence on Congo red staining

A

AA amyloid

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27
Q

Reed-sternerg cells with bi-lobed nuclei

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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28
Q

Sagging rope sign

A

Perthes’ disease

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29
Q

Onion skin reaction

A

Osteosarcoma/osteomyelitis

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30
Q

Armpit parasthesia

A

Intercostobrachial nerve injury

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31
Q

Halo sign mammogram

A

Breast cyst

32
Q

Double bubble sign AXR

A

duodenal atresia

33
Q

Air fluid level midline shadow in child CXR

A

Bronchogenic cyst

34
Q

Oval fat bodies urine

A

minimal change disease

35
Q

Radioopaque renal stones

A

calcium oxalate
calcium phosphate
struvite (slightly)

36
Q

Retrograde ejaculation following prostatectomy

A

bladder neck damage

37
Q

Perineum injury + butterfly haematoma

A

Buck’s fascia injury

38
Q

Perineum injury + swelling of scrotum during micturition

A

spongy urethra injury

39
Q

Perineum injury + perineal haematoma + bleeding from external urethral meatus + anuria

A

bulbar urethral injury

40
Q

Pelvic injury + high riding prostate on PR

A

membranous urethral injury

41
Q

Clear cells histology

A

RCC

42
Q

Pink serosanguinous fluid through closed abdo wound

A

abdo wound dehiscence

43
Q

Urine muddy brown casts

A

acute tubular necrosis

44
Q

Chvostek’s sign

A

twitching of facial muscle when tapping facial nerve

45
Q

Trousseau’s sign

A

spasm of fingers and wrist when sphygmomanometer cuff tightened around arm for 3 mins at 10-20mm Hg higher than SBP

46
Q

U waves ECG

A

Hypokalaemia

47
Q

Orphan Annie nuclei histology

A

Papillary thyroid CA

48
Q

Koebner phenomenon

A

skin lesions appearing at the site of injury

49
Q

Neutrophil polymorphs histology

A

Acute inflammation

50
Q

Onion-peel sign XR

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

51
Q

Soap bubble XR joint

A

Osteoclastoma

52
Q

Klatskin tumour

A

hilar cholangiocarcinoma

53
Q

apple green bifringence with polarised light histology

A

amyloidosis

54
Q

tortuous corkscrew shaped collateral vessels on angiography

A

Buergers disease

55
Q

Bird’s beak Ba swallow

A

Achalasia

56
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus manometry

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

57
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

palpation of LIF causes pain in RIF - appendicitis

58
Q

Psoas stretch sign

A

R thigh passively extended with patient on side with knees extended – pain = acute retrocaecal appendicitis

59
Q

Boas’ sign

A

hyperesthesia beneath right scapula - cholecystitis

60
Q

Murphy’s sign

A

catch breath on palpation of lower edge of liver during inspiration - cholecystitis

61
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

peri umbilical bruising - pancreatitis/intra abdo haemorrhage

62
Q

Grey-Turner’s sign

A

bruising in flanks - pancreatitis/retroperitoneal haemorrhage

63
Q

Rigler’s sign XR

A

gas on both sides of bowel wall

64
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies blood film

A

Splenectomy

65
Q

Pappenheimer bodies blood film

A

Splenectomy

66
Q

Target cells/poikilocytes blood film

A

Splenectomy

67
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

fever
RUQ pain
jaundice

68
Q

Trousseau’s sign

A

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis

69
Q

weakly positively bifringent rhomboid shaped crystals histology

A

Pseudogout

70
Q

PIPJ swelling

A

Bouchard’s nodes

71
Q

DIPJ swelling

A

Heberden’s nodes

72
Q

strongly negatively bifringent urate crystals histology

A

gout

73
Q

Hill-Sachs defect

A

anterior shoulder dislocation

74
Q

Bankart lesion

A

anterior shoulder dislocation

75
Q

Reed-sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

76
Q

CD20

A

B cell lymphoma

MRCS PART A (18 decks)

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