Diagnosis And Classification Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is schizophrenia
Serious mental disorder suffered by about 1% of the world population. More common in men that women
Does sz have a cause?
Does not have a single cause but rather a cluster of symptoms that appear unrelated
What does the DSM classify sz as ?
You need to have one positive symptom such as delusions
What does the IDC-10 classify sz as?
You need to have 2 or more negative symptoms in order to be diagnosed
What are positive symptoms of sz?
Additional to ordinary experience
What are examples of positive symptoms?
Hallucinations
Delusions
What are hallucinations?
Unusual sensory experiences for example hearing voices
What are delusions?
Also known as paranoia delusions are irrational beliefs. Common delusions involve famous people
What are negative symptoms?
Involve the loss of usual abilities
What are examples of negative symptoms?
Avolution
Speech poverty
What is avolution?
Can be described as finding it difficult to begin or keep up with a goal directed activity
Andreason 1982
Indentified 3 indentifying signs of avolition
Poor hygiene and grooming
Lack of interest in work and education
Lack of energy
What is speech poverty
Reduction In the amount and quality of speech - this can be seen in responses to conversation
Evaluation (reliability)
The extent to which different assessors agree on the same diagnosis for the same patients
Evaluation reliability ( ellie cheniaux study)
Had 2 independent psychiatrists diagnose 100 patients using DSM and ICD
Reliability was poor with one diagnosing 26 with DSM and 44 ICD and another diagnosing 13 DSM and 24 ICD
Evaluation (validity)
Criterion validity is used to see if during separate systems to diagnose we can come to the same outcome
We see Sz is much more likely to be diagnosed using ICD which is a weakness of diagnosis
Evaluation (co - morbidity )
Phenomenon that two or more conditions occur together
If conditions occur together this questions the validity of their diagnosis
Buckley et al evaluation co - morbidity
Concluded half the patients with a SZ diagnosis also have depression PTSD also occurred in 29% of cases and OCD in 23%
Evaluation (symptom overlap)
Both SZ and bipolar involve symptoms like delusions and negative symptoms like avolition
This calls into question diagnosis
ICD a person may be diagnosed as Sz but under DSM may be diagnosed as bipolar
Gender bias in diagnosis
Longnecker 2010
Reviewed prevalence of sz and concluded since 1980’s men have been diagnosed more often that women
Cultural bias in diagnosis
African Americans and English afro-Caribbean’s are several times more likely to be diagnosed with Sz than white People
