Diagnosis and manuals.

Question 1

what are the four Ds.

Answer 1

• distress
• danger
• dysfunction
• deviance

Question 2

what are the strengths of using the 4DS

Answer 2

• they can be used in conjunction with the classification manual.
• using all 4 might help avoid errors, such as only focusing on one of them may prove invalid

Question 3

what are the weaknesses of using the 4Ds

Answer 3

• feeling on each are relative to clients
• they are not objective measurements.

Question 4

what are some features of the DSM

Answer 4

-contains three sections
- the last section has info on the impact of culture.
- contains 300 disorder in 22 categories

Question 5

what are some features of the ICD

Answer 5

• contains both physical and mental disorder
• section 5 contains mental and behavioural issues.

Question 6

how is the manual valid/reliable

Answer 6

• has inter rater reliability., for example Rosenhan
• has predictive validity.

Question 7

how is the Manual invalid or unreliable

Answer 7

• cultural differences can affect disorder given
  -clinician Bias.

Question 8

what is a strength and weakness of the DSM

Answer 8

-had predictive validity with 5 year olds with OCD
- kappa value has dropped significantly over the past 35 years

Question 9

what is strength and weakness of the ICD

Answer 9

• research shows that the ICD is reasonably good at predicting disability
• however, 55% of people did not hold there childhood disorders.

Question 10

strength and weakness of diagnosis of Sz

Answer 10

• only 3.8% on clinicians lacked confidence in their diagnosis in Sz
• however, many symptoms overlap with other disorder such as hallucinations seen in depression

Question 11

strength and weakness of diagnosis of depression

Answer 11

• shank man found substantial agreement when diagnosis severity of depression
• field trails showed low kappa values of 0.28 (15%)
  in diagnosis.