Diagnostic microbiology Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
Open wound with bluish discoloration
A
Pseudomonas
2
Q
Yellowish sputum in cough
A
Streptococcus
3
Q
Cough with blood secretion
A
Mycobacterium
4
Q
Methods used to identify bacteria to the level of genus and species
A
Phenotypic
Immunologic
Genotypic
5
Q
Phenotypic methods
A
Microscopic
Macroscopic
Physio/biochem
Chemical
6
Q
Microscopic morphology
A
Cell shape and size
Gram stain rxn
Acid fast rxn
Special structures
7
Q
Macroscopic morphology
A
Colony appearance
Speed of growth
Pattern of growth
8
Q
Green metallic sheen
A
E. Coli
9
Q
Speed of growth
A
Fastidious
Rapid
10
Q
Pattern of growth
A
Linear
Accelerating
11
Q
Physiological or biochemical characteristics
A
Presence if specific enzymes
Nutritional metabolic activities
12
Q
Chemical analysis
A
specific structural substances
13
Q
Advantage of genotypic over phenotypic
A
Culturing the microorganism is not always necessary
14
Q
Antibody response to an antigen
A
Immunologic method
15
Q
Rules in specimen collection
A
Adequate quantity
Sample represents the infectious process
Avoid contamination by using aseptic technique
Take specimen to the lab and exam promptly
Secure meaningful specimens before antimicrobial drugs are administered
16
Q
Sources of material
A
Saliva Sputum Blood Urinary excretions Nasopharyngeal swabbing Csf Feces Vaginal swab Penile discharge
17
Q
Microscopic testing
A
Gram stain
Acid fast
FAb stain
Gene probes
18
Q
Macroscopic testing
A
Direct antigen
Gene probes
19
Q
Test for isolates
A
Biochemical Stereotyping Antimicrobic sensitivity Gene probes Phage typing Animal incoulation
20
Q
Lab techniques for patients
A
Immunologic
Serological test
In vivo reaction
Clinical signs and symptoms
21
Q
Acid or gas formation
A
Carbohydrate fermentation
22
Q
Miscellaneous tests
A
Phage typing
Animal inoculation
Antimicrobial sensitivity
23
Q
Detecting single strains of bacteria
A
Phage typing
24
Q
Based on the specificity of phage surface receptor for cell surface receptor
A
Bacteriophage typing
25
Viruses that infect bacteria
Bacteriophages
26
Used to identify different strains of bacteria within a single species
Phage typing
27
Establishment of an antimicrobial gradient in an agar medium to determine susceptibility
Antimicrobial gradient method
28
Broad classification of bacteria
Gram staining
29
Based in the composition of cell wall
Gram staining
30
Reagents for gram staining
Crystal violet
Grams iodine
95% ethyl alcohol
Grams safranin
31
Primary dye
Crystal violet
32
Mordant
Grams iodine
33
Decolorizer
95% ethyl alcohol
34
Counterstain
Safranin
35
Makes bacteria different to kill
Endospores
36
Identify presence or absence if endospores
Endospore staining
37
Example of endospore-forming bacterial pathogen
Clostridium difficile
38
Stain species of m. Tuberculosis
Ziehl neelsen stain
39
Stains used in ziehl neelsen stain
Carbol fuchsin
| Methylene blue
40
Stains the bacteria red
Carbol fuchsin
41
Used to examine thin sections of tissue
H&E staining
42
Stains nuclei blue
Hematoxylin
43
Stains cytoplasm, connective tissue, and other extracellular substances pink or red
Papanicolaou staining
44
Frequently used to stain pap smear specimens
Papanicolaou staining
45
Used to ,ark carbohydrates
Periodic acid schiff staining
46
Distinguish different types of glycogen storage diseases
Periodic acid schiff staining
47
3 color staining protocol
Massons trichome
48
Distinguish cells from surrounding tissue
Massons trichome
49
Red keratin
Muscle fibers
50
Blue or green
Collagen and bone
51
Light red or pink
Cytoplasm
52
Black
Cell nuclei
53
Combination of eosinate and methylene blue
Romanowsky stains
54
Examine blood or bone marrow samples
Romanowsky stains
55
Preferred over H&E for inspection of blood cells
Romanowsky stain
56
Detect blood-borne parasites
Romanowsky stain
57
Show proteins and dna
Silver staining
58
Used to show both substances inside and outside cells
Silver staining
59
Used to determine the level of fecal fat to diagnose steatorrhea
Sudan staining
60
Staining true endospores using malachite green dye
Conklin's staining
61
The most sensitive fluorescent stains for mycobacteria
Auramine-rhodamine
62
Used for confirmation of positive fluorescent stain
Ziehl neelsen stain
63
Other name for ziehl neelsen stain
Kinyoun stain
64
Nucleic acid selective fluorescent cationic dye
Acridine orange
65
Useful for cell cycle determination
Acridine orange
66
Imparts yellow color to acid mucins
Bismarck brown
| Manchester brown
67
Intense red dye to stain glycogen
Carmine
68
Non specific staining of proteins
Blue color
Used in gel electrophoresis
Coomassie blue
| Brilliant blue
69
Stains acidic components of neutralcytoplasm specifically nissl bodies
Cresyl violet
70
Used in brain research
Cresyl violet
71
Stains cell wall purple
| Used in gram staining
Crystal violet
72
Fluorescent nuclear stain excited by UV light
| Strong blue fluorescence when bound to DNA
Dapi
73
For cell counting
Dapi
74
Counterstain to hematoxylin
| Pink or red color to cytoplasmic material, cell membranes and extracellular structures
Eosin
75
Intercalates and stains dna
| Fluorescent red-orange stain
Ethidium bromide
76
Identify cells that are in the final stages of apoptosis
Ethidium bromide
77
Stain collagen, smooth muscle or mitochondria
Acid fuchsine
78
Indicator for starch
Iodine
79
Blue green counterstain to safranin in the gimeneZ staining technique
Malachite green
Diamond green B
Victoria green B
80
Dye the chromatin cells
Methyl green
81
Stain animal cells to make their nuclei more observable
Methylene blue
82
Stain blood film
Methylene blue
83
Stains nissl substance red
Neutral red
| Toluene red
84
Stains nuclei blue
| Used with living cells
Nile blue
85
Formed by boiling nile blue with sulfuric acid
Nile red
| Nile blue oxazone
86
Lipophilic stain that accumulate in lipid globules inside cells, staining them red
Nile red
| Nile blue oxazone
87
Used in optical microscopy to stain lipids
Osmium tetraoxide
88
Protein specific fluorescent stain
Rhodamine
89
Nuclear stain
Produces red nuclei
Counter staim
Give yellow color to collagen
Safranin
90
Bacillus
Single
| Chains
91
Coccus
```
Singles
Pairs
Chains
Packets
Cluster
```
92
Spore forming bacteria
Bacillus
| Clostridium
93
Non spore forming
Corynebacterium
| Actinomyces
94
Types of motility
Swarming
Tumbling
Darting
Gliding
95
Rapid coordinated translocation
Swarming
96
Ex. Of microorg with swarming motility
```
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
Salmonella
Serratia
```
97
Microorg with tumbling motility
Listeria
98
Microorg with darting motility
Helicobacter
99
Non flagellar motility
Gliding motility
100
Genotypic methods
Dna analysis using probes
Nucleic acid sequencing and ribosomal rna analysis
Polymerase chain reaction
101
Nucleic acid hybridization
Nucleic acid probes (DNA Probe)
102
Detects for specific dna sequence
Hybridization
103
Comparison of the sequence of nitrogen based on the rRNA
Nucleic acid sequencing and rrna analysis
104
Effective for differentiating general group differences
Nucleic acid sequencing and rrna analysis
105
Rapid identification of pathogen
Polymerase chain reaction
106
In vitro testing of the serum
Serology
107
Strategies of immune testing
```
Agglutination
Precipitation
Immunity infusion
Complement fixation
Fluorescence antibody test
Amino acid test
```
108
Sensitivity
True positive rate
109
Specificity
True negative rate
110
Series of serial dilution used to reduce a dense culture of cells to a more usable concentration
Serial dilution
111
Antigens are whole cells
Agglutination
112
Antigen is a soluble molecule
Precipitation
113
Antibodies cross link to the antigens to form visible clumps
Agglutination testing
114
Determine ABO and Rh blood types
Agglutination testing
115
Diagnosing salmonellosis and undulant fever
Widal test
116
Test for antibodies to syphillis
Rapid plasma reagin test
117
Diagnose sicketsial infection
Weil felix reaction
118
Tiny latex beads with antigens affixed
Latex agglutination test
119
Precipitation test for diagnosis of syphillis
Vdrl test
120
Precipitation test for antibody testing amd hemoglobin hereptophoresis
Immunoelectriphoresis
121
Detecting proteins
Western blot
122
Electrophoretic separation of proteins
| Immunoassay
Western blot
123
Used for detection of hiv
Western blot
124
Difference between hiv and aids
Hiv - only infected with the virus
| Aids - susceptible to opportunistic infections
125
Antibody requires complement to complete the lysis of its antigenic target cell
Lysin or cytolysin
126
Misc serological test
Tpi
Toxin neutralization
Serotyping
Quellung test
127
For encapsulated microorganism
Quellung test
128
Fluorescent direct testing
Unknown test specimen
| Fluorescent antibody solution of unknown composition
129
Fluorescent indirect testing
Fluorescent antibodies
| Fc region of another antibody
130
Permit rapid and accurate measurement of trace antigen or antibody
Immunoassays
131
Pinpoint minute amounts of a corresponding antigen or antibody
Radioimmunoassay
132
For autoimmune diseaseffecting goiter
Radioimmunosorbent test
133
Immunoassays
Radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunosorbent
Radioallergosorbent
134
Color tracer for antigen antibody reactions
Elisa
135
Done for cases of hiv
More general
Antigen-antibody reaction
Direct elisa
136
Primary screening test for diagnosis of hiv-1 infection
Elisa
137
Test that differentiate tcells from bcells
Rosette formation
138
First method of diagnosis of disease
History & PE
