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Microbiology > Diagnostic microbiology > Flashcards

Diagnostic microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Open wound with bluish discoloration

A

Pseudomonas

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2
Q

Yellowish sputum in cough

A

Streptococcus

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3
Q

Cough with blood secretion

A

Mycobacterium

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4
Q

Methods used to identify bacteria to the level of genus and species

A

Phenotypic
Immunologic
Genotypic

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5
Q

Phenotypic methods

A

Microscopic
Macroscopic
Physio/biochem
Chemical

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6
Q

Microscopic morphology

A

Cell shape and size
Gram stain rxn
Acid fast rxn
Special structures

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7
Q

Macroscopic morphology

A

Colony appearance
Speed of growth
Pattern of growth

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8
Q

Green metallic sheen

A

E. Coli

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9
Q

Speed of growth

A

Fastidious

Rapid

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10
Q

Pattern of growth

A

Linear

Accelerating

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11
Q

Physiological or biochemical characteristics

A

Presence if specific enzymes

Nutritional metabolic activities

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12
Q

Chemical analysis

A

specific structural substances

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13
Q

Advantage of genotypic over phenotypic

A

Culturing the microorganism is not always necessary

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14
Q

Antibody response to an antigen

A

Immunologic method

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15
Q

Rules in specimen collection

A

Adequate quantity
Sample represents the infectious process
Avoid contamination by using aseptic technique
Take specimen to the lab and exam promptly
Secure meaningful specimens before antimicrobial drugs are administered

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16
Q

Sources of material

A 
Saliva
Sputum
Blood
Urinary excretions
Nasopharyngeal swabbing
Csf
Feces
Vaginal swab
Penile discharge
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17
Q

Microscopic testing

A

Gram stain
Acid fast
FAb stain
Gene probes

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18
Q

Macroscopic testing

A

Direct antigen

Gene probes

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19
Q

Test for isolates

A 
Biochemical
Stereotyping
Antimicrobic sensitivity
Gene probes
Phage typing
Animal incoulation
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20
Q

Lab techniques for patients

A

Immunologic
Serological test
In vivo reaction
Clinical signs and symptoms

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21
Q

Acid or gas formation

A

Carbohydrate fermentation

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22
Q

Miscellaneous tests

A

Phage typing
Animal inoculation
Antimicrobial sensitivity

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23
Q

Detecting single strains of bacteria

A

Phage typing

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24
Q

Based on the specificity of phage surface receptor for cell surface receptor

A

Bacteriophage typing

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25
Q

Viruses that infect bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

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26
Q

Used to identify different strains of bacteria within a single species

A

Phage typing

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27
Q

Establishment of an antimicrobial gradient in an agar medium to determine susceptibility

A

Antimicrobial gradient method

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28
Q

Broad classification of bacteria

A

Gram staining

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29
Q

Based in the composition of cell wall

A

Gram staining

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30
Q

Reagents for gram staining

A

Crystal violet
Grams iodine
95% ethyl alcohol
Grams safranin

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31
Q

Primary dye

A

Crystal violet

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32
Q

Mordant

A

Grams iodine

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33
Q

Decolorizer

A

95% ethyl alcohol

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34
Q

Counterstain

A

Safranin

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35
Q

Makes bacteria different to kill

A

Endospores

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36
Q

Identify presence or absence if endospores

A

Endospore staining

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37
Q

Example of endospore-forming bacterial pathogen

A

Clostridium difficile

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38
Q

Stain species of m. Tuberculosis

A

Ziehl neelsen stain

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39
Q

Stains used in ziehl neelsen stain

A

Carbol fuchsin

Methylene blue

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40
Q

Stains the bacteria red

A

Carbol fuchsin

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41
Q

Used to examine thin sections of tissue

A

H&E staining

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42
Q

Stains nuclei blue

A

Hematoxylin

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43
Q

Stains cytoplasm, connective tissue, and other extracellular substances pink or red

A

Papanicolaou staining

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44
Q

Frequently used to stain pap smear specimens

A

Papanicolaou staining

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45
Q

Used to ,ark carbohydrates

A

Periodic acid schiff staining

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46
Q

Distinguish different types of glycogen storage diseases

A

Periodic acid schiff staining

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47
Q

3 color staining protocol

A

Massons trichome

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48
Q

Distinguish cells from surrounding tissue

A

Massons trichome

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49
Q

Red keratin

A

Muscle fibers

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50
Q

Blue or green

A

Collagen and bone

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51
Q

Light red or pink

A

Cytoplasm

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52
Q

Black

A

Cell nuclei

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53
Q

Combination of eosinate and methylene blue

A

Romanowsky stains

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54
Q

Examine blood or bone marrow samples

A

Romanowsky stains

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55
Q

Preferred over H&E for inspection of blood cells

A

Romanowsky stain

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56
Q

Detect blood-borne parasites

A

Romanowsky stain

57
Q

Show proteins and dna

A

Silver staining

58
Q

Used to show both substances inside and outside cells

A

Silver staining

59
Q

Used to determine the level of fecal fat to diagnose steatorrhea

A

Sudan staining

60
Q

Staining true endospores using malachite green dye

A

Conklin’s staining

61
Q

The most sensitive fluorescent stains for mycobacteria

A

Auramine-rhodamine

62
Q

Used for confirmation of positive fluorescent stain

A

Ziehl neelsen stain

63
Q

Other name for ziehl neelsen stain

A

Kinyoun stain

64
Q

Nucleic acid selective fluorescent cationic dye

A

Acridine orange

65
Q

Useful for cell cycle determination

A

Acridine orange

66
Q

Imparts yellow color to acid mucins

A

Bismarck brown

Manchester brown

67
Q

Intense red dye to stain glycogen

A

Carmine

68
Q

Non specific staining of proteins
Blue color
Used in gel electrophoresis

A

Coomassie blue

Brilliant blue

69
Q

Stains acidic components of neutralcytoplasm specifically nissl bodies

A

Cresyl violet

70
Q

Used in brain research

A

Cresyl violet

71
Q

Stains cell wall purple

Used in gram staining

A

Crystal violet

72
Q

Fluorescent nuclear stain excited by UV light

Strong blue fluorescence when bound to DNA

A

Dapi

73
Q

For cell counting

A

Dapi

74
Q

Counterstain to hematoxylin

Pink or red color to cytoplasmic material, cell membranes and extracellular structures

A

Eosin

75
Q

Intercalates and stains dna

Fluorescent red-orange stain

A

Ethidium bromide

76
Q

Identify cells that are in the final stages of apoptosis

A

Ethidium bromide

77
Q

Stain collagen, smooth muscle or mitochondria

A

Acid fuchsine

78
Q

Indicator for starch

A

Iodine

79
Q

Blue green counterstain to safranin in the gimeneZ staining technique

A

Malachite green
Diamond green B
Victoria green B

80
Q

Dye the chromatin cells

A

Methyl green

81
Q

Stain animal cells to make their nuclei more observable

A

Methylene blue

82
Q

Stain blood film

A

Methylene blue

83
Q

Stains nissl substance red

A

Neutral red

Toluene red

84
Q

Stains nuclei blue

Used with living cells

A

Nile blue

85
Q

Formed by boiling nile blue with sulfuric acid

A

Nile red

Nile blue oxazone

86
Q

Lipophilic stain that accumulate in lipid globules inside cells, staining them red

A

Nile red

Nile blue oxazone

87
Q

Used in optical microscopy to stain lipids

A

Osmium tetraoxide

88
Q

Protein specific fluorescent stain

A

Rhodamine

89
Q

Nuclear stain
Produces red nuclei
Counter staim
Give yellow color to collagen

A

Safranin

90
Q

Bacillus

A

Single

Chains

91
Q

Coccus

A 
Singles
Pairs
Chains
Packets
Cluster
92
Q

Spore forming bacteria

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

93
Q

Non spore forming

A

Corynebacterium

Actinomyces

94
Q

Types of motility

A

Swarming
Tumbling
Darting
Gliding

95
Q

Rapid coordinated translocation

A

Swarming

96
Q

Ex. Of microorg with swarming motility

A 
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Bacillus
Salmonella
Serratia
97
Q

Microorg with tumbling motility

A

Listeria

98
Q

Microorg with darting motility

A

Helicobacter

99
Q

Non flagellar motility

A

Gliding motility

100
Q

Genotypic methods

A

Dna analysis using probes
Nucleic acid sequencing and ribosomal rna analysis
Polymerase chain reaction

101
Q

Nucleic acid hybridization

A

Nucleic acid probes (DNA Probe)

102
Q

Detects for specific dna sequence

A

Hybridization

103
Q

Comparison of the sequence of nitrogen based on the rRNA

A

Nucleic acid sequencing and rrna analysis

104
Q

Effective for differentiating general group differences

A

Nucleic acid sequencing and rrna analysis

105
Q

Rapid identification of pathogen

A

Polymerase chain reaction

106
Q

In vitro testing of the serum

A

Serology

107
Q

Strategies of immune testing

A 
Agglutination
Precipitation
Immunity infusion
Complement fixation
Fluorescence antibody test
Amino acid test
108
Q

Sensitivity

A

True positive rate

109
Q

Specificity

A

True negative rate

110
Q

Series of serial dilution used to reduce a dense culture of cells to a more usable concentration

A

Serial dilution

111
Q

Antigens are whole cells

A

Agglutination

112
Q

Antigen is a soluble molecule

A

Precipitation

113
Q

Antibodies cross link to the antigens to form visible clumps

A

Agglutination testing

114
Q

Determine ABO and Rh blood types

A

Agglutination testing

115
Q

Diagnosing salmonellosis and undulant fever

A

Widal test

116
Q

Test for antibodies to syphillis

A

Rapid plasma reagin test

117
Q

Diagnose sicketsial infection

A

Weil felix reaction

118
Q

Tiny latex beads with antigens affixed

A

Latex agglutination test

119
Q

Precipitation test for diagnosis of syphillis

A

Vdrl test

120
Q

Precipitation test for antibody testing amd hemoglobin hereptophoresis

A

Immunoelectriphoresis

121
Q

Detecting proteins

A

Western blot

122
Q

Electrophoretic separation of proteins

Immunoassay

A

Western blot

123
Q

Used for detection of hiv

A

Western blot

124
Q

Difference between hiv and aids

A

Hiv - only infected with the virus

Aids - susceptible to opportunistic infections

125
Q

Antibody requires complement to complete the lysis of its antigenic target cell

A

Lysin or cytolysin

126
Q

Misc serological test

A

Tpi
Toxin neutralization
Serotyping
Quellung test

127
Q

For encapsulated microorganism

A

Quellung test

128
Q

Fluorescent direct testing

A

Unknown test specimen

Fluorescent antibody solution of unknown composition

129
Q

Fluorescent indirect testing

A

Fluorescent antibodies

Fc region of another antibody

130
Q

Permit rapid and accurate measurement of trace antigen or antibody

A

Immunoassays

131
Q

Pinpoint minute amounts of a corresponding antigen or antibody

A

Radioimmunoassay

132
Q

For autoimmune diseaseffecting goiter

A

Radioimmunosorbent test

133
Q

Immunoassays

A

Radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunosorbent
Radioallergosorbent

134
Q

Color tracer for antigen antibody reactions

A

Elisa

135
Q

Done for cases of hiv
More general
Antigen-antibody reaction

A

Direct elisa

136
Q

Primary screening test for diagnosis of hiv-1 infection

A

Elisa

137
Q

Test that differentiate tcells from bcells

A

Rosette formation

138
Q

First method of diagnosis of disease

A

History & PE

Microbiology (5 decks)

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