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Parasitology > Diagnostic Procedures > Flashcards

Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Time elapsed from the last intake of the drugs to the time a patient can submit their sample.

A

Clearance period

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2
Q

Clearance period for antacids, antidiarrheals, barium, bismuth, and laxatives

A

7-10 days

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3
Q

Clearance period for antimicrobial agents

A

2-3 weeks

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4
Q

Clearance period for gallbladder dyes

A

3 weeks

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5
Q

Sufficient quantity if stool

A

2 - 5 g (formed), 5 - 6 tbspn (liquid)

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6
Q

Number of specimen examined before confirming a truly negative result

A

3 specimens (alternate days / 2-3 days intervals)

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7
Q

Max. time between collection and examination of liquid stool

A

30 mins

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8
Q

Max. time between collection and examination of soft/semi-formed stool

A

1 hour

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9
Q

Max. time between collection and examination of formed stool

A

Up to 24 hrs

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10
Q

Beyond 1 hour, stool must be?

A

Refrigerated

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11
Q

Longer periods of preservation, use two vial system

A

10% formalin and Polyvinyl Alcohol

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12
Q

Ratio of stool to preservative

A

1:3

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13
Q

Stool Fixative: all purpose fixative

A

10% Formalin

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14
Q

Stool Fixative: Fix and stain

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin

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15
Q

Stool Fixative: Permanent stains

A

Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid Formalin

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16
Q

Stool Fixative: contains mercuric chloride

A

Schaudinn’s fluid

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17
Q

Stool Fixative: contains mercuric chloride

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol

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18
Q

Stool Fixative: contains zinc sulfate or copper sulfate.
Appropriate for Molecular Tests

A

Modified Polyvinyl Alcohol

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19
Q

Normal stool color

A

Brown

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20
Q

Stool color if there is Upper Gastrointestinal bleeding

A

Black/Tarry

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21
Q

Stool color if there is dysentery

A

Mucoid, Bloody

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22
Q

What is a good consistency of stool?

A

Soft to well formed

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23
Q

Soft to well formed stool determines the sensitivity of?

A

Egg-counting techniques

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24
Q

Dry stool gives an

A

Increased egg count

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25
Liquid stool gives a
Decreased egg count
26
How is wet mount prepared?
mix 2 mg of stool with a drop of 0.85% NSS
27
Purpose of a wet mount?
Detection of motile protozoan trophozoites, helminth eggs, and larvae
28
Wet mount may be stained by temporary dyes such as
Iodine (for cysts - formed stool) Methylene Blue (for trophozoites - liquid stool)
29
In Formalin-Ether (or Ethyl Acetate) Concentration Technique what is the purpose of Formalin and Ether/Ethyl Acetate?
Formalin - Fixative Ether/Ethyl Acetate - to remove fats and lessen debris
30
what concentration technique is recommended for animal parasites, Trichuris, Capillaria, and Schistosoma eggs?
Acid-Ether Concentration Technique
31
What acts as the clearing agent that removes albuminous/mucoidal substances in Acid-Ether Concentration Technique?
40% HCl
32
What floatation procedure uses saturated salt solution?
Brine's Flotation
33
What flotation procedure uses boiled sugar solution preserved with phenol?
Sheather's flotation
34
Flotation procedure that yields a cleaner preparation than FECT and it uses 33% ZnSO4
Zinc Sulfate Centrifugal Flotation
35
S.G of parasites < S.G. of medium Higher medium S.G. = parasites will float
Flotation procedures
36
What is the Gold Standard for Intestinal Protozoans
Permanent Staining
37
Artifact that resembles a mature E. histolytica cyst
Neutrophil
38
Artifact that resembles an amebic trophozoite
Macrophages, Squamous and Columnar Epithelial Cells
39
Artifact that resembles a protozoan cysts or helminth eggs
Yeast, Fungal conidia, Mushroom spores, Diatoms
40
Artifact that resembles a Hookworm egg
Mite eggs
41
Artifact that resembles a Taenia Ascaris eggs
Pollen grains
42
Artifact that resembles a Helminth egg
Plant cells
43
Artifact that resembles a Helminth larvae
Plant hairs/fibers
44
Artifact that resembles Protozoan cysts
Starch granules, fat globules, air bubbles, mucus
45
Amount of stool used in Kato Thick Smear
50 - 60 mg
46
In Kato Thick and Kato-Katz it uses a cellophane that is soaked in a mixture of what?
Glycerin and Malachite green
47
Techniques use for assessing worm burden and monitoring the efficacy of antihelminthics
Egg counting techniques
48
Technique used to determine the severity of Schistosoma infection
Faust-Malloney Egg Hatching Technique
49
Uses moistened soil or granulated charcoal
Copro culture
50
Perianal swab is used to detect eggs of
E. vermicularis and Taenia spp.
51
Used for the diagnosis of Ameobiasis (E. histolytica)
Sigmoidoscopy
52
Used for the recovery of G. lamblia
Entero Test
53
Contact time for Entero Test? and it must be analyzed within?
4 hrs, 1 hr
54
Preferred blood specimen especially for malaria
Fresh, non-anticoagulated blood
55
Anticoagulated blood must be delivered in the lab within? and processed within?
30 mins, 1 hr
56
Timing of collection for Malaria?
before next anticipated fever spike
57
Timing of collection for Filariasis?
depends on periodicity
58
Gold Standard for Malaria
Examination of stained smears
59
Smears: dehemoglobinized prior to staining
Thick Blood Smear
60
Smears: uses 2-3 small drops of blood
Thick Blood Smear
61
Smears: Fixed with alcohol prior to staining
Thin Blood Smear
62
Smears: Used for species identification
Thin Blood Smear
63
Smears: used for rapid diagnosis of malaria and for demonstrating trypomastigotes and microfilariae
Thick Blood Smear
64
Recommended for detection and identification of blood parasites (plasmodiums and babesia)
Giemsa Stain
65
Not optimal for blood parasites
Wright's Stain
66
Demonstrates detailed structures of microfilariae
Delafield Hematoxylin
67
Artifacts that resembles elongated and degenerating platelets
Trypomastigotes and Malarial stages
68
Artifacts that resembles NRBCs
Plasmodium schizont
69
Artifacts that resembles yeast / fungal elements
Leishmania amastigotes
70
Type of microscope used for quantitative buffy coat?
Fluorescent microscope
71
Useful for the demonstration of malarial parasites, microfilariae, trypomastigotes, and Babesia spp.
Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC)
72
QBC uses capillary tube pre-coated with?
Acridine orange
73
1 mL of blood mixed with 2% formalin followed by centrifugation
Knott's concentration
74
1 mL of blood is lysed with 10 mL distilled water in a syringe with a membrane filter attached
Membrane Filtration
75
Specimen for the demonstration of Naegleria and Acanthamoeba trophozoites, Trypomastigotes, and Cysticerci
Cerebrospinal Fluid
76
Specimen for the detection of T. vaginalis trophozoites, S. haematobium ova, and rarely W. bancrofti microfilariae
Urogenital Tract Specimens
77
Specimen for the demonstration of P. westermani ova, migrating helminth larvae, E. histolytica trophozoites, and Pneumocystis jirovecii
Sputum or Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)
78
Highly sensitive and specific molecular dianosis?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
79
What is the principle of PCR?
Nucleic Acid Amplification
80
Type of PCR that uses fluorophores to detect amplicons as they are produced
Real Time PCR (RT PCR)
81
Type of PCR that detects amplicons using Gel Electrophoresis
Conventional PCR
82
Common target of PCR?
Ribosomal DNA
83
Steps in PCR
Denaturation, Annealing, Extension/Elongation
84
For detecting CURRENT infection
Antigen detection
85
For detecting PAST/CHRONIC Infection
Antibody detection

Parasitology (4 decks)

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