Protozoans Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
What is the mode of reproduction of Amoeba, Flagellates, Ciliates?
A
Binary Fission
2
Q
What is the mode of reproduction of Sporozoans?
A
Sexual and Asexual
3
Q
What is the locomotory organelle of Amoeba?
A
Pseudopodia
4
Q
What is the locomotory organelle of Flagellates?
A
Flagella
5
Q
What is the locomotory organelle of Ciliates?
A
Cilia
6
Q
What is the locomotory organelle of Sporozoans?
A
None (Non-motile)
7
Q
Only pathogenic and invasive
A
Entamoeba histolytica
8
Q
Identical to E. histolytica EXCEPT pathogenicity and invasiveness
A
Entamoeba dispar / moshkovskii / bangladeshi
9
Q
Small race of E. histolytica
A
Entamoeba hartmanni
10
Q
Up to 8 nuclei (mature cyst)
A
Entamoeba coli
11
Q
Cross-eyed cyst or dwarf interval slug
A
Endolimax nana
12
Q
Uninucleate (mature), Iodophilic inclusion mass (glycogen)
A
Iodamoeba butschlii
13
Q
Atiral, No cyst, ingest WBCs
A
Entamoeba gingivalis
14
Q
Uninucleate, Non-iodophilic inclusion mass, Parasite of pigs and monkeys
A
Entamoeba polecki
15
Q
Inhabits an anatomical opening (mouth)
A
Entamoeba gingivalis
16
Q
Inhabits the lumen of the intestine
A
E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. hartmanni, E. coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii
17
Q
Morphology of Cyst
Chromatoidal bodies of E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. hartmanni
A
Elongated bars with bluntly rounded ends (cigar shaped)
18
Q
Morphology of Cyst
What is the chromatoidal body of Entamoeba coli?
A
Broom-stick or splinter like with pointed ends
19
Q
Morphology of Cyst
Having a cigar-shaped chromatoidal body, which species is smaller in size?
A
Entamoeba hartmanni
20
Q
Morphology of Cyst
What is the chromatoidal body of Iodamoeba butschlii?
A
None but with large glycogen mass
21
Q
Morphology of Cyst
Chromatoidal bodies of Endolimax nana?
A
Small, Spherical or oval
22
Q
Morphology of Trophozoites
A
Irregular shape, Motile, 1 nucleus
23
Q
Morphology of Trophozoites
K: small and central
PC: uniform, evenly distributed
A
E. histolytica, E. dispar, E. hartmanni
24
Q
Morphology of Cyst
Cytoplasmic inclusion of Entamoeba histolytica?
A
May ingest RBC (hematophagos)
25
Morphology of Trophozoites
K: Large, Eccentric
PC: Coarse, Irregular
Entamoeba coli
26
Morphology of Trophozoites
What is the karyosome of Endolimax nana?
Large, Irregular (blot-like)
27
Morphology of Trophozoites
What is the karyosome of Iodamoeba butschlii?
Central or peripheral, Surrounded with achromatic granules
28
Morphology of Trophozoites
K: Central and distinct
Entamoeba gingivalis
29
Most common site of Extraintestinal Amebiasis
Liver (hepatic abscess)
30
Intestinal Amebiasis: carcinoma like mass of granulomatous tissue in the intestine.
Amoeboma
31
Intestinal Amebiasis:
shape of amoebic ulcers
flasked-shape (tissue abscess)
32
Intestinal Amebiasis:
Incubation of 2-5 days; bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain
Acute/Symptomatic
33
Intestinal Amebiasis: Chronic or Asymptomatic
Patients are carriers or cyst passers
Stool is soft to well-formed
34
Trophozoite stage can transform into flagellate stage or a resistant cyst
Naegleria fowleri
35
Opportunistic free-living amoebae
Acanthamoeba spp.
36
Morphologically similar to Acanthamoeba and an opportunistic agent
Balamuthia mandrillaris
37
Sappinia pedata is a rare cause of?
Meningoencephalitis
38
Not present is tissues
Uninucleate
Double-walled with smooth outer wall
Naegleria fowleri cyst
39
Present in tissues
Uninucleate
Double-walled with wrinkled outer wall
Acanthamoeba spp.
40
Uninucleate with central nucleolus and finely granulated cytoplasm
Naegleria fowleri trophozoite
41
Amoeboid form of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite has
Lobate pseudopods
42
Flagellate form of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite has
2 anterior flagella
43
Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoite is characterized by
Spiny / filiform pseudopods
No flagellate form
44
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM/PAE) is caused by
Naegleria fowleri
45
Diagnostic stage of Naegleria fowleri
Trophozoite
46
What are the diseases caused by Acanthamoeba spp.
Amoebic keratitis (corneal biopsy)
Skin lesions (scrapings from lesions)
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis
Disseminated Granulomatous Disease
47
Diagnostic stage of Acanthamoeba spp.
Cyst and Trophozoite
48
Morphology of cyst
Oval
Axoneme
Parabasal bodies
Remnants of flagella
Giardia duodenalis / G. lamblia
49
Morphology of cyst
Lemon / Nipple
Cytostome with curved fibril / "Shepherd's crook"
Chilomastix mesnili
50
Morphology of cyst
Ellipsoidal
Bipolar arrangement of nuclei
Enteromonas hominis
51
Morphology of cyst
Ovoid / pyriform
Cytostome extends above nucleus / "Bird's beak"
Roseburia intestinalis
52
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: 8
Nuclei: 2
Sucking discs
Axostyle
G. duodenalis
53
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: 4
Nuclei: 1
Cytostome with spiral groove
C. mesnili
54
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: 4
Nuclei: 1
One side flattened
E. hominis
55
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: 2
Nuclei: 1
Cytostome extends 1/2 the length of the body
R. intestinalis
56
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: None
Nuclei: 1 or 2
Multiple pseudopodia
Tetrakaryosome
D. fragilis
57
Morphology of Trophozoites
Flagella: 5
Nuclei: 1
Undulating membrane
Axostyle extends beyond the body
Cytoplasmic granules
Pentatrichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis
58
Motility of C. mesnili
Corkscrew-like / Spiral jerky
59
Motility of R. intestinalis
Jerky
60
Motility of P. hominis, T. tenax, T. vaginalis
Rapid, Jerky, Tumbling
61
What species has a falling leaf-like motility
G. lamblia
62
What species has a E. hominis motility
Jerky
63
What species has a D. fragilis motility
Amoeboid
64
What is the diagnosis technique of Dientamoeba fragilis?
Trichrome staining
65
What species has a pathology of intermittent diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Dientamoeba fragilis
66
Gold standard diagnosis technique for Trichomonas vaginalis
Culture using Diamond's Medium
67
What species has a pathology that causes non-specific vaginitis, urethritis, or prostatitis
Trichomonas vaginalis
68
What is the diagnosis technique for Giardia duodenalis
String test / Entero test
69
What species has a pathology that causes giardiasis or traveler's diarrhea
Giardia duodenalis
70
What is the MOT and vector of Leishmania spp.
Skin inoculation of Promastigotes (infective stage)
by Sand flies
71
What species is transmitted through skin inoculation of metacyclic / metacystic of trypomastigote by tsa tsa flies
Trypanosoma brucei complex
72
What is the MOT and vector of Trypanosoma cruzi
MOT:
1. Indirect inoculation of metacyclic / metacystic of trypomastigote from feces of kissing bugs
2. Transplacental
3. Blood Transfusion
73
Habitat of Leishmania spp.
Lymphoid tissues of the skin, mucous membrane, or visceral organs
74
The habitat of this species is blood, lymph, CSF
Trypanosoma brucei complex
75
Habitat of the amastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi
Endothelial cells, Muscle, and Nervous tissues
76
Habitat of the trypomastigote of Trypanosoma cruzi
Blood CSF
77
What is the disease caused by T. cruzi
New World or American Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's Disease)
78
What is the agent that causes West African (Chronic) Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping sickness?
T. brucei gambiense
79
What is the agent that causes East African (Acute) Trypanosomiasis or Sleeping sickness?
T. brucei rhodensiense
80
What is the disease caused by L. donovani
Old World Visceral Leishmaniasis
81
What is the disease caused by L. chagasi
New World Leishmaniasis
82
What is the agent that causes Muco-cutaneous Leishmaniasis
L. braziliensis
83
84
What is the disease caused by L. mexicana
New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
85
Common parasite of pigs
Balantidium coli
86
Oocyst is immediately infective
Cryptosporidium parvum
87
Cyanobacterium-like body
Cyclospora cayetanensis
88
Life cycle of sexual malarial parasites
Female anopheles mosquito
Sporogony
89
Life cycle of asexual malarial parasites
Man or other vertebrates
Schizogony / Merogony
Gametogony
90
What is the age of RBC infected by P. falciparum
All ages
91
What is the age of RBC infected by P. vivax
Young RBCs
92
What is the age of RBC infected by P. ovale
Young RBCs
93
What is the age of RBC infected by P. malariae
Mature RBCs
94
What species has a normal parasitized RBC
P. falciparum
95
What species has a larger than normal and pale parasitized RBC
P. vivax
96
What species has a larger than normal, oval, and may have fimbriated edges parasitized RBC
P. ovale
97
What species has a normal and slightly smaller parasitized RBC
P. malariae
98
What is the RBC stippling of P. falciparum
Maurer's dots
99
What species has Schuffner's dots as RBC stippling
P. vivax
100
What is the RBC stippling of P. ovale
Schuffner's / James's dots
101
What species has Zeimann's dots as RBC stippling
P. malariae
102
What is the stages in the peripheral blood of P. falciparum?
Rings, Gametocytes
103
What species has these stages in the peripheral blood:
Rings, Mature trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes `
P. vivax
104
What is the stages in the peripheral blood of P. ovale?
Rings, Mature trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes `
105
What species has these stages in the peripheral blood:
Rings, Mature trophozoites, Schizonts, Gametocytes `
P. malariae
106
What is the length of erythrocytic cycle of P. falciparum?
36 - 48 hours
107
What is the length of erythrocytic cycle of P. vivax?
48 hours
108
What is the length of erythrocytic cycle of P. ovale?
48 hours
109
What is the length of erythrocytic cycle of P. malariae?
72 hours
110
What is the agent that causes Malignant Tertian Malaria
P. falciparum
111
What disease is caused by P. vivax
Benign Tertian Malaria
112
What disease is caused by P. ovale
Ovale Tertian Malaria
113
What is the agent that causes Quartan Malaria
P. malariae
114
Incubation period of Malaria
Typically 8-40 days
115
Classical sign of Malaria
Paroxysm
characterized by chills, fever, and profuse sweating
116
Classic periodicity: Every 24 hours
Species: P. knowlesi
Quotidian
117
Class periodicity: Tertian malaria
Species: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale
Every 48 hours
118
Class periodicity: Every 72 hours
Species: P. malariae
Quartan Malaria
119
Most fatal type of malaria
Malignant Tertian Malaria
120
Most fatal type malaria is caused by
Plasmodium falciparum
121
Manifestations of Malignant Tertian Malaria
Intravascular Hemolysis, Cerebral Malaria
122
Relapse of Malaria may occur with these agents
P. vivax and P. ovale
123
Relapse of malaria may occur due to what?
Reactivation of hypnozoites in the liver
124
Acquired resistance with this genetic condition: Sickle Cell Trait
resistance to P. falciparum
125
This genetic condition has a resistance to P. vivax
Duffy-negative blood group
126
5th Human Malaria / Simian Malaria
Plasmodium knowlesi
127
Intraerythrocytic parasites that resembles plasmodium spp.
Babesia spp.
128
Oocysts are resistant to freezing, drying, and extreme environment conditions
Toxoplasma gondii
129
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are killed by?
heating to 70°C for 10 minutes
130
Definitive host for Babesia spp.
Ticks
131
Definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii
Cat
132
Rodent is the intermediate host of what species
Babesia spp.
133
Rodent and birds are the intermediate host of what species
Toxoplasma gondii
134
Ingestion of oocyst from cat feces is a MOT of what species
Toxoplasma gondii
135
Ingestion of tissue cyst from infected meat is a MOT of what species
toxoplasma gondii
136
What are the MOT for Toxoplasma gondii
Ingestion of oocyst
Ingestion of tissue cyst
Transplacental
Blood Transfusion
137
What are the MOT for B. microti
Skin inoculation of sporozite by ticks
Blood tansfusion
138
Pear-shaped ring forms and Tetrads (Maltese cross) are diagnostic stages for what species
Babesia spp.
139
What are the diagnostic stages for Toxoplasma gondii
Tachyzoites
Tissue cyst containing bradyzoites
140
Disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
141
Babesiosis / Piroplasmosis / Nantucket Fever / Red water fever is caused by?
Babesia spp.
