- ⬆️ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - ⬆️ C-reactive protein (CRP) - Positive rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies - Positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) - Positive anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)

- ⬇️ Hgb/Hct/RBCs Microcytic (iron deficiency) = ⬇️ MCV ( 100), Schilling test

- ECG (or EKG) - Holter monitor - Heart rate (HR)

- Cardiac stress test - Angiography

- ⬆️ TC, non-HDL, LDL, TGs - Coronary artery calcium (CAC - a non-invasive CT scan of the heart that measures calcium-containing plaque)

- ⬇️ thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - ⬆️ free T4 (FT4)

- Clear, white, or gray vaginal discharge - Fishy odor - pH > 4.5 - Little to no pain

Diagnostic Tests Flashcards by Sky Light

Autoimmune Conditions

⬆️ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
⬆️ C-reactive Protein (CRP)
Positive rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies
Positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

⬆️ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
⬆️ C-reactive protein (CRP)
Positive rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies
Positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)
Positive anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

⬆️ erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
⬆️ C-reactive protein (CRP)
Positive rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies
Positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)
Positive anti-dsDNA antibodies

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Multiple Sclerosis

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

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Anemia

⬇️ Hgb/Hct/RBCs

Microcytic (iron deficiency) = ⬇️ MCV (< 80)
Mcrocytic (B12 or folate deficiency) = ⬆️ MCV (> 100), Schilling test

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Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

D-dimer test (marker of fibrinolysis)

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) = Ultrasound, venography, MRI
Pulmonary Embolism (PE) = Pulmonary computed tomographic angiography (CTA)

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Stroke Prevention

CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system

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Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Unexplained ⬇️ platelets (< 50% drop from baseline) 5 - 14 days after starting heparin
Positive antibodies based on a heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4) enzyme-linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA)
Serotonin release assay (SRA)

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Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Cardiac enzymes = creatinine kinase muscle/brain (CK-MB), troponin I and T

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Arrhythmias

ECG (or EKG)
Holter monitor
Heart rate (HR)

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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or Stroke)

Computed Tomography (CT)
MRI

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Chronic Heart Failure

Echocardiogram
⬆️ B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
⬆️ N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)

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Stable Angina

Cardiac stress test
Angiography

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Dyslipidemia

⬆️ TC, non-HDL, LDL, TGs
Coronary artery calcium (CAC - a non-invasive CT scan of the heart that measures calcium-containing plaque)

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Hypertension

⬆️ systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP)

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Hypertensive Emergency

⬆️ BP (> 180/120 mmHg) with acute target organ damage

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Hypertensive Urgency

⬆️ BP (> 180/120 mmHg) without acute target organ damage

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Diabetes, Prediabetes

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
Oral glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)

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Hyperthyroidism

⬇️ thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
⬆️ free T4 (FT4)

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Hypothyroidism

⬆️ TSH
⬇️ FT4

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Ovulation

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Peak value provides optimal timing for intercourse to become pregnant

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Pregnancy

Positive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine or in blood

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Bacterial Vaginitis

Study These Flashcards

Clear, white, or gray vaginal discharge
Fishy odor
pH > 4.5
Little to no pain

Candida Vaginitis

Study These Flashcards

White, thicker vaginal discharge
Pruritus (itchy)

Trichomoniasis

- Yellow, green frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge - pH > 4.5 - Soreness and pain with intercourse

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Upper GI endoscopy (mouth to small intestine) - Duodenal Ulcer = pain 2 - 3 hours after eating, pain relief with food/antacids - Gastric Ulcer = pain right after eating, little/no pain relief with food/antacids

GERD

- Esophageal pH monitoring - Endoscopy

H. pylori

- Urea breath test (UBT) - Fecal antigen test

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI - Crohn’s Disease = endoscopy (affects more of the GI tract) - Ulcerative Colitis = sigmoidoscopy (affects the colon and rectum)

Asthma

- FVC - FEV1 - Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) - Allergic Asthma = skin test to detect allergen

COPD

- Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 - Eosinophils > 300 cells/microliters (indicates inflammation and better response to inhaled corticosteroids)

Metabolic Acidosis

⬇️ pH ⬇️ HCO3 Compensation = respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory Acidosis

⬇️ pH ⬆️ pCO2 Compensation = Metabolic alkalosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

⬆️ pH ⬆️ HCO3 Compensation = respiratory acidosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

⬆️ pH ⬇️ pCO2 Compensation = metabolic acidosis

General Infection

- Fever (temp > 100.4 F or 38 C) - ⬆️ WBC count - Left shift (⬆️ bands or immature neutrophils)

C. difficile

Positive C. difficile stool toxin (enzyme immunoassay + glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) test) or PCR

HIV

- HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay - HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay - HIV RNA viral load - Nucleic acid test

Infective Endocarditis

- Echo (to check for vegetation) - Blood culture (to identify causative organism)

Lyme Disease

- Round, red bullseye rash - ELISA test

Meningitis

- Lumbar puncture (LP) - Symptoms of severe headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status

Onychomycosis (Fungal Infection of Toenail or Fingernail)

20% KOH smear

Lice (Pediculosis)

- Pruritus - Visible lice on the scalp and nits (eggs) on hair shafts

Pinworm (Vermicularis)

- Tape test (on skin adjacent to anus to check presence of eggs) - Helminths (worms) in blood, feces, or urine

Pneumonia

Chest X-ray showing infiltrates, consolidations, or opacities

Syphilis

- Positive nontreponemal assay (rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) blood test) - Positive treponemal assay

Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis

Toxoplasma IgM and IgG test

Tuberculosis (TB)

Latent TB = positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test Active TB = positive sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture, chest X-ray with cavitation

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

- Urinalysis (positive leukocyte esterase or WBC > 10 cells/mm3, nitrites, bacteria) - Urine culture

Breast Cancer

- Mammogram - Ultrasound - MRI

Cervical Cancer

- Pap smear - HPV test

Colon Cancer

- Colonscopy - Sigmoidoscopy - Double-contrast barium enema - CT colonography - Stool DNA - Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) - Fecal immunochemical test

Lung Cancer

CT chest

Skin Cancer

Skin biopsy

Prostate Cancer

- Digital rectal exam (DRE) - Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

General Cancer

- Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test (a marker to identify cancer) - PET

Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

(56 cards)