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Medical Terminology > diagnostics and procedures (spring 25) > Flashcards

diagnostics and procedures (spring 25) Flashcards

1
Q

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

A

test that identifies the antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individuals own body cells

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2
Q

blood culture

A

test to determine presence of pathogens in the blood stream

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3
Q

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

screening test for deficiencies in clotting factors
measure length of time it takes for blood to clot

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4
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

test used to detect and diagnose bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders

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5
Q

lymphangiography

A

visualization of lymph channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium
determines blockages of lymphatic system

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6
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of bone marrow for microscopic examination using a thin aspirating needle

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7
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

infusion of healthy BM stem cells after destroying the diseased BM by chemotherapy/radiation/both
common to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, cancers

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8
Q

lymphadenectomy

A

removal of lymph nodes
common to control spread of cancers

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9
Q

immunotherapy

A

any form of treatment that alerts, enhances, stimulates, restores the body’s own natural immune mechanisms to treat diseases

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10
Q

transfusion

A

infusion of blood/blood products from one person to another

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11
Q

bone density test

A

noninvasive procedure
low energy x ray absorption to measure bone mineral density
measures bone of the spine, hip and forearm

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12
Q

discography

A

radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of contrast

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13
Q

myelography

A

radiography of the spinal cord after injection of contrast
identifies spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, etc.

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14
Q

amputation

A

partial/complete removal of an extremity
result of disease, trauma, or circulatory disorder

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15
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

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16
Q

arthroclasia

A

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

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17
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual exam of the interior of a joint and its structures
uses a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope

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18
Q

bone grafting

A

implantation/transplantation of bone tissue from one part of the body or another person to serve as a replacement for damaged/missing bone tissue

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19
Q

total hip replacement

A

surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease

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20
Q

bone immobilization

A

procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process

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21
Q

electromyography (EMG)

A

measures the concentration of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in rectum and urethra

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22
Q

Cystoscopy

A

examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology
biopsies of tumors/growths, remove polyps

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23
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

determines the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea

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24
Q

Urinalysis (UA)

A

urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation

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25
Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)
imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium (excretory urography)
26
Renal Nuclear Scan
nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys
27
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)
X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during and after voiding using a contrast medium
28
Nephrostomy
opening created between the skin and kidney drains urine through a tube when ureters are unable to do so
29
Urethral Stent Replacement
insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent/treat obstruction of urine flow from kidney
30
Dialysis
filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood corrects electrolyte imbalances
31
Hemodialysis
dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste filled blood, filters it using dialysate, and returns the clean blood to patients bloodstream
32
Peritoneal Dialysis
dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a filter flushes the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
33
aminocentesis
transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac using ultrasound, a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid
34
chronic villus sampling (CVS)
sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects
35
colposcopy
visual exam of vagina and cervix with colposcope
36
papanicolaou (pap) test
exfoliative cytology test to detect abnormal cells that are scraped from the cervix
37
pelvimetry
measurement of pelvic dimensions to determine whether the head of the fetus can pass through bony pelvis
38
mammography
radiographic exam of the breast screens for breast cancer
39
cerclage
suturing of the cervix to prevent premature dilating during pregnancy decreases chance of spontaneous abortion/preterm birth
40
cesarean section (c section)
incision of abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus
41
cryosurgery
freezing tissue to destroy cells
42
dilation and curettage (D&C)
widening of cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette
43
hysterectomy
excision of uterus
44
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary treat tumor and some normal tissue that surrounds it
45
mammoplasty
surgical reconstruction of breast
46
mastectomy
removal of breast
47
total mastectomy
excision of entire breast, nipple, areola and involved overlying skin
48
modified radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, lymph noses in underarm chest muscles left intact
49
radical mastectomy
excision of entire breast, all underarm lymph noses and chest muscle walls under breast
50
reconstructive breast surgery
creation of breast shaped mound to replace a breast that has been removed
51
tubal ligation
procedure that ties the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy
52
intrauterine device (IUD)
small t shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy
53
Digital rectal examination
screening test evaluates the size and consistency of the prostate
54
prostate specific antigen
blood test detects prostatic disorders
55
semen analysis
analyzes semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility and morphology evaluates fertility or verify sterilization after vasectomy
56
circumcision
removal of foreskin
57
orchiopexy
fixation of the testes in the scrotum
58
prostatectomy
removal of all or part of the prostate
59
vasectomy
removal of all or a segment of the vas deferens for male sterilization
60
brachytherapy of the prostate
radiation oncology procedure radioactive seeds are placed directly within or near the tumor to destroy malignant cells
61
cryotherapy of the prostate
freezing of the prostate causing cancer cells to die
62
A1c test
blood test used to diagnose T1 and T2 diabetes average blood glucose level for past 2-3 months glycated hemoglobin
63
fasting blood sugar
test that measures glucose levels in a blood sample following a fast of at least 8 hours
64
glucose tolerance test
screening test in which a dose of glucose is administered blood samples taken at intervals to determine how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood
65
insulin tolerance test
insulin injected into the vein severe hypoglycemia to assess GH and cortisol reserve
66
thyroid function test
test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function
67
total calcium test
test that measures blood calcium levels to detect bone and parathyroid disorders, malabsorption or overreactive thyroid
68
parathyroidectomy
excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands controls hyperparathyroidism
69
thyroidectomy
excision of entire thyroid gland, a part of it or a single lobe
70
Electroencephalography
recording of electrical activity in the brain
71
Electromyography
recording of electrical signals that occur in a muscle when it is at rest and during contraction
72
Lumbar puncture
needle puncture of the spinal cavity to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents or remove fluid
73
Nerve conduction velocity
test the measures the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve
74
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
lab test to examine a sample of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord that helps diagnose disorders of the CNS (viral/bacterial infections, tumors and hemorrhage)
75
Discography
CT scan of the lumbar region after injection of contrast detects problems with the spine and spinal nerve roots
76
Myelography
radiographic examination to detect pathology of the spinal cord with contrast
77
Thalamotomy
partial destruction of the thalamus to treat intractable pain, involuntary movements
78
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting
relieves ICP due to hydrocephalus by diverting excess CSF from the ventricles into the peritoneal or thoracic cavity
79
Intravenous Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
treatment of ischemic stroke using tissue plasminogen activator (potent clot busting drug) injected directly into a vein
80
Plasmapheresis
extracorporeal procedure to treat patients with autoimmune diseases by removing their plasma containing the offending antibodies and replacing it with donor plasma
81
audiometry
measurement of hearing acuity at differing sound wave frequencies and volumes detects hearing impairment
82
caloric stimulation test
test that uses different water temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve of the inner ear determines if nerve damage is from vertigo
83
opthalmoscopy
visual examination of the interior of the eye detects eye disorders
84
retinoscopy
evaluation of the refractive errors of the eye projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays
85
tuning fork tests
hearing tests using a vibrating tuning fork to determine type of hearing loss
86
visual acuity test
part of an eye exam that determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart read 20 feet
87
blepharoplasty
cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes
88
cochlear implant insertion
placement of an artificial hearing five that produces hearing sensations
89
LASIK surgery
uses a specialized laser passed through a temporary flap made in the cornea to reshape underlying corneal tissue
90
otoplasty
corrective surgery for a deformed or excessively large or small pinna
91
ear irrigation
flushing of the ear canal with water or saline to dislodge foreign bodies or impacted cerumen (earwax)
92
eye refraction test
visual acuity test to determine the prescription for eyeglasses or contact lenses

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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