Diseases And Conditions Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Adhesion
A
Abnormal fibrous band that holds together normally separate tissues
2
Q
Edema
A
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
Failure to drain
3
Q
Febrile
A
Fever
4
Q
Gangrene
A
Death and decay of soft tissue
5
Q
Hernia
A
Protrusion of organ through structure
6
Q
Inflammation
A
Body defense against injury
Redness, swelling
7
Q
Mycosis
A
Fungal infection in or on body
8
Q
Peritonitis
A
Inflammation of peritoneum
Serous membrane surrounding abdominal cavity
9
Q
Rupture
A
Sudden breaking or bursting of structure or organ
10
Q
Septicemia
A
Bacterial infection of tissues that spreads to blood
11
Q
Suppuration
A
Pus formation
12
Q
Abscess
A
Localized collection of pus at site of infection
13
Q
Acne
A
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles
14
Q
Alopecia
A
Partial or complete hair loss resulting from normal aging, endocrine disorder, drug reaction
15
Q
Bowen Disease
A
Early form of skin cancer, easily curable and red, scaly patch of skin
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
16
Q
Cellulitis
A
Diffuse, acute infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
17
Q
Chloasma
A
Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish-brown patches or spots
18
Q
Comedo
A
Small skin lesions of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging
19
Q
Decubitus Ulcer
A
Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow
20
Q
Ecchymosis
A
Skin discoloration consisting of large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area
Bruise
21
Q
Eczema
A
Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, scales, crusts, and itching
22
Q
Erythema
A
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of capillaries
23
Q
Eschar
A
Dead matter that is slouched off from surface of skin, especially after a burn
24
Q
Impetigo
A
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
25
Keratosis
Thickened area of epidermis or any horny growth on skin
26
Lentigo
Small brown macules, on face and arm, brought on by sun exposure
27
Pallor
Unnatural paleness or absence of color in skin
28
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
29
Petechia
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under skin
30
Pruritus
Intense itching
31
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disease characterized by itchy red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales and excessive development of basal layer
32
Purpura
Any several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into tissues
33
Scabies
Contagious skin disease transmitted by itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
34
Tinea
Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates body part affected
Ringworm
35
Urticaria
Allergic reaction of skin characterized by eruption of pale red, elevated patches
36
Verruca
Epidermal growth caused by a virus
37
Vitiligo
Localized loss of skin pigmentation
38
Allergy Skin Test
Test which suspected allergen or sensitizer is applied to or injected into skin to determine sensitivity
39
Culture & Sensitivity
Lab test to determine presence of pathogens in patients with wound infections and identify drug therapy
40
Debridement
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
41
Anorexia
lack/loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
42
Appendicitis
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix, usually caused by obstruction or infection
43
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen
44
Borborygmus
Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine
45
Cachexia (wasting syndrome)
Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and its commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer
46
Choleithiasis
Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder
47
cirrhosis
Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
48
Crohn disease (regional enteritis)
Form of IBD, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract
49
dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea
50
flatus
Gas in the GI tract
Expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus
51
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Backflow of gastric contents in the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
52
Halitosis
Foul smelling breath
53
Hematemesis
Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
54
hemorrhoids
Swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorizes as external or internal
55
intestinal obstruction
Mechanical or functional blockage of the intestine that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel
56
Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)
Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typical constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined
57
malabsorption syndrome
Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
58
melena
Dark, tar like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach
59
obesity
Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight
60
morbid obesity
Obesity in which BMI is greater than 40, generally 100 lb or more over the ideal body weight
61
obstipation
Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
62
Oral leukoplakia
Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused primarily by irritation
63
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
64
Pyloric stenosis
Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
65
Regurgitation
A backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach
66
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon
67
Abnormal breath sounds
Abnormal sounds or noises heard over lungs and airways
68
Crackle
Intermittent sounds caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli
69
Rhonchus
Continuous sound heard during inspiration and expiration caused by secretions in larger airways, kinda snoring
70
Stridor
High-pitched, harsh sound caused by spasm or swelling or larynx or obstruction in upper airway
71
Angina
Chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium; angina pectoris
72
Arrhythmia
Irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; dysrhythmia
73
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult
74
Fibrillation
Abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles
75
Heart block
Interference with the normal transmission of the electrical impulses from the SA node to the purkinje fibers
76
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute
77
Bruit
Soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvulvar action
the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction
also called a murmur
78
cardiomyopathy
Disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
79
Wheeze
Whistling or sighing that results from narrowing of lumen of respiratory passageway
80
coarctation
Narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
81
Embolism
Intravascular mass that dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area, commonly leading to life threatening situations
82
Heart failure
Disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body
83
Acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids
84
Hyperlipidemia
Excessive amounts of lipids in the blood
85
Hypertension
Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg
86
Hypotension
Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg
87
Mitral valve prolapse
Structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood
88
Anosmia
Absence of sense of smell
89
Palpitation
Sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat or flutter
90
Apnea
Breathing stops repeatedly during sleep, resulting in blood deoxygenation, causing patient to awaken, grasping for air
91
Peripheral artery disease
Common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to the extremities, especially of the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain, and commonly the result of atherosclerosis
92
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or legs (legs more common)
93
Rheumatic heart disease
Serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever, commonly causing permanent scarring of the heart valves, especially the mitral valve
94
Syncope
Partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain
also called fainting
95
Thrombosis
Abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation
96
Deep vein thrombosis
Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
97
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)
Form of sleep apnea that occurs when brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing
98
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Caused by upper airway blockage that prevents adequate flow of air to lungs
99
Mixed Sleep Apnea
Central sleep apnea and obstructive occurs simultaneously
100
Atelectasis
Collapsed or airless state of lung, may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of lung
101
Coryza
Acute inflammation of membranes of nose
102
Croup
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchial passages
103
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Life-threatening genetic disease causing mucous to become unusually thick and sticky, plugging tubes and ducts
104
Deviated Nasal Septum
Displacement of cartilage dividing nostrils that causes reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed
105
Epiglottitis
Severe, life-threatening infection of epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs in children 2-12
106
Epistaxis
Nasal hemorrhage
Nosebleed
107
Hypoxemia
Oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, sign of respiratory impairment and can cause hypoxia
108
Hypoxia
Oxygen deficiency in body or region of body that can cause cyanosis
109
Influenza
Acute, contagious viral disorder of respiratory tract, weakness, fever, chills, and muscle pain
110
Pertussis
Acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has 'whoop' sound
111
Pleural Effusion
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity that impairs breathing by limiting expansion of lungs
112
Empyema
Exudative effusion characterized by collection of pus in pleural cavity, commonly a result of bacterial pneumonia that spreads from lungs
113
Pneumothorax
Presence of air in pleural cavity, commonly caused by blunt or penetrating chest injury or as result of thoracic surgery
114
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleural membrane, stabbing pain intensified by coughing or deep breathing
115
Pulmonary Edema
Accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, caused by heart failure
116
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage in artery of lungs caused by mass of undissolved matter that has traveled to lungs from another part of body
117
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months
118
Tuberculosis (TB)
Potentially fatal contagious disease spread through respiratory droplets, affecting any organ or body. Chest pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue , night sweats
119
Mantoux Test
TB screening test in which injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is placed just beneath surface of skin to identify previous exposure
120
Pulmonary Functions Tests (PFTs)
Series of tests to aid in diagnosis of lung diseases and evaluate effectiveness of treatments
121
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood
122
Sputum Culture
Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of lower respiratory tract
123
Endotracheal Intubation
Procedure in which plastic tube is inserted into trachea to maintain an open airway
124
Perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
