Diagnostics Tests

Question 1

Increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), positive rheumatoid factor (RF) antibodies, positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)

Answer 1

Autoimmune, Various

Question 2

Above autoimmune tests plus positive anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)

Answer 2

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Question 3

Above autoimmune tests plus positive anti-dsDNA antibodies

Answer 3

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Question 4

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 4

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Question 5

decrease in Hgb/Hct/RBCs

microcytic (or iron deficiency); decrease in MCV

macrocytic (or B12 or folate deficiency); increase in MCV

Answer 5

Anemia

Question 6

D-dimer test (Marker of fibrinolysis)

Answer 6

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

Question 7

D-dimer test, ultrasound, venography, MRI

Answer 7

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Question 8

D-dimer, pulmonary computed tomographic angiography (CTA)

Answer 8

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Question 9

CHA2DS2-VASc

Answer 9

Stroke Prevention

Question 10

unexplained decrease in platelet (>50% drop from baseline) 5-14 days after starting heparin, positive antibodies based on a heparin-platelet factor 4 (PF4)

Answer 10

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Question 11

EKG, cardiac enzymes, troponin I and T

Answer 11

Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS)

Question 12

ECK, Holter monitor, heart rate (HR)

Answer 12

Arrhythmias

Question 13

CT, MRI

Answer 13

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA or Stroke)

Question 14

Echo, increase BNP, increase NT-proBNP

Answer 14

Chronic Heart Failure

Question 15

Cardiac stress test, angiography

Answer 15

Stable Angina

Question 16

Increase TC, Non-HDL, LDL, TGs, coronary artery calcium (CAC)

Answer 16

Dyslipidemia

Question 17

increase systolic blood pressure (SBP)/ diastolic blood pressure (DBP)

Answer 17

Hypertension

Question 18

increase BP (>180/120) with acute target organ damage

Answer 18

Hypertensive Emergency

Question 19

increase BP (>180/120) without acute target organ damage

Answer 19

Hypertensive Urgency

Question 20

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), hemoglobin A1C

Answer 20

Diabetes

Question 21

decrease Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), increase free T4

Answer 21

Hyperthyroidism

Question 22

increase TSH, decrease free T4

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism

Question 23

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 23

Ovulation

Question 24

Positive hCG

Answer 24

pregnancy

Question 25

clear, white, or gray vaginal discharge, with a fishy odor, and pH > 4.5, little or no pain

Answer 25

Bacterial Vaginitis (BV)

Question 26

white, thicker vaginal discharge, pruritus

Answer 26

Candida Vaginitis

Question 27

Yellow, green frothy, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, pH > 4.5, soreness and pain with intercourse

Answer 27

Trichomoniasis

Question 28

Upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy,

Answer 28

PUD

Question 29

pain 2-3 hours after eating (without food in stomach), pain relief with food/antacids

Answer 29

Duodenal Ulcer

Question 30

pain right after eating (with food in stomach), little/no pain relief with food/antacids

Answer 30

Gastric Ulcer

Question 31

Esophageal pH monitoring, endoscopy

Answer 31

GERD

Question 32

Urea Breath Test (UBT), fecal antigen test

Answer 32

H. pylori

Question 33

Endoscopy, colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI

Answer 33

IBD: Crohn's Disease

Question 34

Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI

Answer 34

IBD: Ulcerative Colitis

Question 35

Spirometry (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC)

Answer 35

Bronchospastic Diseases

Question 36

FVC, FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), skin test (for allergies)

Answer 36

Asthma

Question 37

Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7

Answer 37

COPD

Question 38

measures pH, pCO2, HCO3

Answer 38

Arterial Blood gas (ABG)

Question 39

decrease pH, decrease HCO3

Answer 39

respiratory alkalosis

Question 40

decrease pH, increase pCO2

Answer 40

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 41

increase pH, increase HCO3

Answer 41

respiratory acidosis

Question 42

increase pH, decrease pCO2

Answer 42

metabolic acidosis

Question 43

Anion Gap > 12 mEq/L

Answer 43

Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Question 44

Fever (>38C, >100.4F), increase WBC count, left shift (increase Bands, or immature neutrophils)

Answer 44

General Infection

Question 45

Positive stool toxin (GDH test) or PCR

Answer 45

C. Difficile

Question 46

Echo (check vegetation), blood culture

Answer 46

Infective Endocarditis

Question 47

round, red bullseye rash, ELISA test

Answer 47

Lyme Disease

Question 48

Lumbar puncture (LP), plus symptoms of severe headache, stiff neck, altered mental status

Answer 48

Meningitis

Question 49

20% KOH (Potassium hydroxide) water

Answer 49

Onychomycosis (Fungal infection of Nails/Toenails)

Question 50

Pruritus, visible lice on the scalp and nits (eggs) on hair shafts

Answer 50

Lice (Pediculosis)

Question 51

Tape Test, helminths in blood, feces, or urine

Answer 51

Pinworm (Vermicularis)

Question 52

Chest X-ray showing infiltrates, consolidations, or opacities

Answer 52

Pneumonia

Question 53

positive RPR or VDRL

Answer 53

Syphilis

Question 54

positive TST/PPD, or IGRA

Answer 54

Latent TB

Question 55

positive sputum AFB stain and culture, chest x-ray with cavitation

Answer 55

Active TB

Question 56

Urinalysis (positive leukocyte esterase or WBC, nitrites, bacteria), urine culture

Answer 56

UTI