Diaphragm, Kidneys, and Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

The central tendon of the diaphragm comes from what embryologic structure?

Answer 1

The septum transversum

Question 2

The diaphragm is derived from what somites?

Answer 2

3, 4, and 5

Question 3

The phrenic nerves originate from what spinal segments?

Answer 3

C3, C4, and C5

Question 4

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T8?

Answer 4

IVC foramen

Question 5

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T10?

Answer 5

Esophageal hiatus

Question 6

What is the opening in the diaphragm at T12?

Answer 6

Aortic hiatus

Question 7

What are the Arcuate ligaments or Lumbocostal arches?

Answer 7

Median arcuate ligament, 2medial arcuate ligaments, and 2 lateral arcuate ligaments

Question 8

The median arcuate ligaments arch over what?

Answer 8

Aorta

Question 9

The medial arcuate ligaments arch over what?

Answer 9

Psoas mm.

Question 10

The lateral arcuate ligaments arch over what?

Answer 10

Quadratus lumborum mm.

Question 11

What vessels of the diaphragm supply the superior surface?

Answer 11

Pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic aa. via internal thoracic and thoracic aorta

Question 12

What vessels of the diaphragm supply the inferior surface?

Answer 12

Inferior phrenic aa. via abdominal aorta

Question 13

What vessels supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

Answer 13

Musculophrenic aa. via internal thoracic aa

Question 14

What is the venous drainage of the diaphragm?

Answer 14

via accompanying vv to IVC

Question 15

At what vertebral level are the kidneys located?

Answer 15

T12-L3

Question 16

The superior pole of the left and right kidneys are at what ribs?

Answer 16

Left is at 11th and right is at 12th rib

Question 17

What surrounds the kidneys?

Answer 17

Fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat

Question 18

What immediately surrounds the kidneys?

Answer 18

Fibrous capsule

Question 19

What is the outer 1/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?

Answer 19

The renal cortex

Question 20

What is the inner 2/3 of the internal structure of the kidney?

Answer 20

Renal medula

Question 21

What does the renal medula contain?

Answer 21

Renal pyramids

Question 22

What do the apex of renal pyramids receive?

Answer 22

Renal papillae

Question 23

What comes before the ureter?

Answer 23

Renal pelvis

Question 24

What comes before the renal pelvis?

Answer 24

Major calyces

Question 25

What comes before the major calyces?

Answer 25

Minor calyces

Question 26

What comes before the minor calyces?

Answer 26

Renal papillae

Question 27

Which renal artery is longer?

Answer 27

The right

Question 28

Which renal vein is longer?

Answer 28

The left

Question 29

From anterior to posterior what are the three structures in the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 29

The renal vein, renal artery and the renal pelvis

Question 30

Describe the structures urine passes through from the renal papillae to exiting the body...

Answer 30

Renal papillae to minor calyces, to majro calyces, to renal pelvis, to ureter, to urinary bladder, to urethra, to exit

Question 31

How many arteries supply the ureters?

Answer 31

3-4

Question 32

What are the arteries that could supply the ureters?

Answer 32

Renal a., testicular or ovarian a., abdominal aorta or common iliac a., internal iliac a.

Question 33

What are kidney stones also called?

Answer 33

Caliculi

Question 34

What is the ultrasonic crushing of kidney stones called?

Answer 34

Lithotripsy

Question 35

What is the shape of the right adrenal gland?

Answer 35

Roughly triangular

Question 36

What is the shape of the left adrenal gland?

Answer 36

Semilunar

Question 37

Where is the right adrenal gland found?

Answer 37

Superior to right kidney, posterior to IVC

Question 38

Where is the left adrenal gland found?

Answer 38

Superomedial to left kidney near hilum

Question 39

What does the adrenal cortex do?

Answer 39

Produce adrenal steroids

Question 40

What does the adrenal medulla do?

Answer 40

Act as sympathetic ganglion that are modified neuronal cells (Medullary or chromaffin cells)

Question 41

What three arteries supply the adrenal cortex?

Answer 41

Superior suprarenal aa., middle suprarenal aa., inferior suprarenal aa.

Question 42

What are the six muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 42

Transversus abdominus m., quadratus lumborum m., psoas major m., ilacus m., psoas minor m., diaphragm

Question 43

How many lumbar arteries are there?

Answer 43

4 pairs

Question 44

What ventral rami do the nerves of the posterior wall come from?

Answer 44

T12-L4

Question 45

Generally where is the lumbar plexus nn. found?

Answer 45

Beneath fascia of posterior abdominal mm.

Question 46

Generally where is the subcostal n. found?

Answer 46

1 cm inferior to 12th rib

Question 47

The subcostal n. supplies sensory to what?

Answer 47

Sensory to ant./lat. abdominal wall

Question 48

The subcostal n. supplies motor to what?

Answer 48

abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

Question 49

The iliohypogastric n. supplies what?

Answer 49

Skin of suprapubic (suprapelvic) region

Question 50

The ilioinguinal n. runs through what?

Answer 50

The inguinal canal (but does not go through the deep ring) to supply it

Question 51

The genitofemoral n. branches into what to nerves?

Answer 51

Femoral br. and genital br.

Question 52

The lateral femoral cutaneous n. supplies what?

Answer 52

Anterior lateral skin of the thigh

Question 53

The femoral n. passes between what two muscles?

Answer 53

iliacus and psoas major muscle

Question 54

What does the femoral n. supply?

Answer 54

Sensory and motor to anterior thigh

Question 55

The obturator n. runs medial to what muscle?

Answer 55

Psoas major mm.

Question 56

The obturator n., passes through what bony foramen?

Answer 56

The obturator foramen

Question 57

The obturator n. supplies what?

Answer 57

Sensory and motor to medial thigh

Question 58

What does the lumbosacral trunk help form in the pelvis?

Answer 58

The sacral plexus