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Anatomy Test Two Material > Digestive System Part 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The digestive system consists of what two parts?

A

The alimentary canal and associated organs or accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

Also called the GI tract, which consists of the mouth, most of the pharyx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

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3
Q

What does the associated or accessory digestive organs consists of?

A

Tongue (PB), teeth (PB), salivary glands (S), pancreas (S), liver (S), and gallbladder (S)

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4
Q

What are the 8 major processes of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation, barrier, and immunologic function

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5
Q

How much fluid is secreted into the digestive system per day?

A

About seven liters

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6
Q

What are the two main types of digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical

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7
Q

What is the mouth also referred to as?

A

The oral or buccal cavity

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8
Q

What is the oral cavity bound by?

A

Cheeks, hard and soft palate, tongue, and floor of the mouth

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9
Q

Define the lips.

A

Or labia, are fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the orbicularis oris muscle; the lips are the location of the mucocutanous junction

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10
Q

What does the oral cavity open to?

A

The oropharynx

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11
Q

What are the fauces?

A

This is the opening from the oral cavity to the oropharynx

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12
Q

What are the two main parts of the oral cavity?

A

The vestibule and the oral cavity proper

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13
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

This is the part of the oral cavity between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth

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14
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

The superior border is the hard and soft palates; inferior border is the tongue and floor of the mouth; posterior border is the entrance to the oropharynx; all other borders are the teeth

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15
Q

What percent of saliva is solute and water?

A

Solute: 0.5%
Water: 99.5%

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16
Q

How much saliva is secreted per day?

A

1 - 1.5 liters

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17
Q

What are the five digestive and protective roles saliva plays?

A

Moisten oral mucosa, moisten dry foods, provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds, buffer contents of oral cavity, and contains amylase that partially breaks down starch

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18
Q

What are the two things in saliva that allow for buffering?

A

bicarbonate and phosphate ions

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19
Q

What does the pharynx connect?

A

Nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

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20
Q

What is the pharynx a passage way for?

A

Food and air

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21
Q

What tissue lines the pharynx?

A

Respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium) and some stratified squamous epithelium

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22
Q

The pharynx is divided into what three things?

A

The nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx

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23
Q

Where is the nasopharynx located?

A

found posterior to the nasal cavity, superior to the soft palate

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24
Q

Where is the oropharynx located?

A

Posterior to the oral cavity; between level of soft palate to the epiglottis

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25
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
Begins at the superior border of the upright epiglottis and opens into the esophagus and larynx
26
What tissue lines the nasopharynx?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
27
What passes through the nasopharynx?
Air passageway only
28
What happens to close off the nasopharynx when someone swallows?
the soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the nasopharynx
29
What tissue lines the oropharynx?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
30
What passes through the oropharynx?
Food and air
31
What tissue lines the laryngopharynx?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
32
What passes through the laryngopharynx?
Food and air
33
The laryngopharynx is continuous with what two structures?
The epiglottis to the larynx
34
The alimentary canal has what four layers from the lumen outward?
1.mucosa, 2.submucosa, 3.muscularis externa, and 4.serosa or adventitia
35
What are the three layers of the mucosa in the alimentary canal?
A.lining epithelium, B.lamina propria, C.muscularis mucosae
36
Lining epithelium of the alimentary canal is made up of what two kinds of tissue?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium , and simple columnar epithelium
37
What two kinds of cells are in abundance in the lamina propria of the alimentary canal?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
38
The submucosa is what kinds of connective tissue?
Dense irregular connective tissue
39
What innervates the submucosa of the alimentary canal?
Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus)
40
The smooth muscle layer of the alimentary canal is made up of what two layers?
Inner circular layer and the outer longitudinal layer
41
If the inner circular layer of the muscularis externa is thickened a lot what structure is formed?
A sphincter
42
If the outer longitudinal layer of the muscualris externa is constricted what happens to the canal?
It will dilate and shorten the organ
43
If the inner circular layer of the muscularis externa is constricted what happens to the canal?
It will be constricted and lengthen the organ
44
What innervates the muscularis externa of the alimentary canal?
Myenteric nerve plexus (a.k.a. Auebach's plexus)
45
Serosa of the alimentary canal is made up of what two layers?
Mesothelium and loose (areolar) connective tissue
46
What makes up the adventitia of the alimentary canal?
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
47
The esophagus can be both skeletal and smooth muscle tissue, where would each be located in the alimentary canal?
Skeletal is upper 1/3, smooth is distal 1/3 and middle 1/3 is mixed
48
The esophagus can be serous or adventitia, where would one find these tissues?
Adventitia in the thoracic cavity and serosa when we pass through the diaphragm
49
What are the two kinds of glands associated with the esophagus?
Esophageal glands (proper) and esophageal cardiac glands
50
Where are esophageal glands proper found and in what tissue?
Found along the entire tract (more numerous in the upper area) and are located in the submucosa
51
Where are the esophageal cardiac glands found and in what tissue?
Found in the terminal or distal portion of the esophagus and are located in the lamina propria
52
What does "I ate ten eggs at noon" refer to?
What level things pass through the diaphragm. I ate = IVC T8; Ten eggs = T10 Esophagus; At noon = Aorta T12
53
What are the 4 gross parts of the stomach?
Cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
54
What are the folds (rugae) for in the stomach?
These are muscular and are intended to help with expansion and mechanical movement of food
55
What are the 3 histological divisions of the stomach?
Cardia, Fundus/body, and pylorus
56
What histologically comprises the cardia?
Cardiac glands; primarily mucous
57
What histologically comprises the fundus/body of the stomach?
Fundic glands that secrete HCL and Pepsin
58
What histologically comprises the pylorus of the stomach?
Pyloric glands; primaryly musous
59
What tissue is the mucosa of the stomach made up from?
Simple columnar epithelium
60
What lead to the glands in the wall of the stomach?
Gastric pits
61
What are the three layers of the muscularis externa of the stomach?
Outer longitudinal, middle circular, and inner oblique
62
What are the four layers of the wall of the stomach?
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
63
What cells produce the mucosa in the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelial cells, these are NOT goblet cells
64
What are the three glands of the stomach and where are they located?
Cardia has cardiac glands (primarily mucous), fundus/body has fundic glands (secrete HCL and pepsin), and pylorus (primarily mucous)
65
Chief cells are also called what?
Zymogenic cells
66
What do chief cells produce?
The inactive form of pepsin which is pepsinogen
67
What do parietal cells produce?
HCL
68
What do G cells secrete?
Gastrin

Anatomy Test Two Material (16 decks)

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