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Anatomy Exam 2 > Diaphragm Pleurae > Flashcards

Diaphragm Pleurae Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • A movable median partition of the thoracic cavity that extends superiorly to the thoracic outlet/root of the neck & inferiorly to the respiratory diaphragm.
  • It extends anteriorly to the sternum and pos
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2
Q

Respiratory Diaphragm

A

skeletal muscle diaphragm lined by pleura (superiorly) and peritoneum (inferiorly) that separates the thoracic and abdominal viscera.

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3
Q

What is the mediastinum divided into?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Anterior
  3. Middle
  4. Posterior
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4
Q

Superior mediastinum

A

bounded anteriorly by the manubrium & posteriorly by vertebral bodies of T1-T4

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5
Q

Anterior mediastinum

A

space between the pericardium and the sternum

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6
Q

Middle mediastinum

A

pericardium & heart

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7
Q

Posterior mediastinum

A

between the pericardium and the vertebral column

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8
Q

What is the inferior mediastium and what makes up it?

A

bounded anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebral bodies of the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae.
- Subdivided into: Anterior, middle, posterior mediastinum

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9
Q

Respiratory diaphragm

A
  • most important muscle of respiration.
  • Thin muscular & tendinous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
  • pierced by structures that pass between the thorax & abdomen.
  • dome-shaped (convex superiorly)
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10
Q

attachments of the respiratory diaphragm (4)

A
  1. right crus and left crus
  2. median arcuate ligament
  3. medial arcuate ligament
  4. lateral arcuate ligament
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11
Q

right crus

A

larger and longer (L1-L3/L4);

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12
Q

median arcuate ligament

A

unites the crura and forms the aortic hiatus

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13
Q

medial arcuate ligament

A

thickening of fascia (psoas major)

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14
Q

lateral arcuate ligament

A

thickening of fascia (quadratus lumborum)

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15
Q

what arise from the anterior surface of L1-3/IVDs & the anterior longitudinal ligament

A

crura of the diaphragm

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16
Q

Diaphramatic Apertures (openings)

A
  • (Inferior) Caval hiatus –T8
  • Esophageal hiatus –T10
  • Aortic hiatus –T12
  • “I ate ten eggs at noon”
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17
Q

what is the respiratory diaphragm innervated by?

A

(somatic motor) by the phrenic nerve (C3-5)

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18
Q

What also carries sensory information (pain & proprioception)?

A

phrenic

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19
Q

what do peripheral parts of the diaphragm also receive?

A

some sensory innervation from lower intercostal nerves

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20
Q

vasculature of the respiratory diaphragm

A

arterial supply and venous drainage

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21
Q

superior surface of arterial supply

A

Musculophrenic & Pericardiacophrenic (br. ITA)and Superior Phrenic (br. Thoracic Aorta)

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22
Q

inferior surface of arterial supply

A

Inferior Phrenic (br. Abdominal Aorta)

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23
Q

superior surface of venous drainage

A

Musculophrenic & Pericardiacophrenic (drain into ITV) and R. Superior Phrenic (drain into IVC), some veins from posterior curvature drain into azygos and hemiazygos veins

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24
Q

inferior surface of venous drainage

Study These Flashcards
A

R. inferior phrenic (IVC) & L inferior phrenic (IVC and/or suprarenal vein)

25
Pleura or Pleural membrane
lining of the thoracic cavity
26
general features of the pleural membrane
1. serous membranes forming closed sacs | 2. two layers ( visceral and parietal pleura)
27
visceral pleura
adheres to lung, continuous with parietal pleura at root of lung
28
parietal pleura
lines the thoracic cavity
29
pleural cavity
- potential space b/t pleura layers - contains small amount of serous pleural fluid - lubricates pleural surfaces and allows layers to slide smoothly over one another during respiration
30
pleural reflections
lines, usually projected onto thoracic wall surface, indicating abrupt change in parietal pleura direction as it passes from one wall of the pulmonary cavity to another
31
does the lung completely fill the pleural cavity, why?
no; therefore there are places where parietal pleurae can appose each other
32
what is pleural recesses? and what 2 recesses are there?
- occupied by lungs only on (forced) deep inspiration | - Costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal recesses
33
Costodiaphragmatic recesses
split like space b/t space between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae, along the interior border of the lung, which enters through it in deep inspiration
34
costomediastinal recesses
slit like space b/t costal and mediastinal pleurae, along the anterior border of the lung which enters into it in deep inspiration
35
Thoracentesis
- procedure where a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. - remove excess fluid, known as a pleural effusion, from the pleural space to help you breathe easier.
36
pleural effusion
- excess fluid in pleural space | - “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.
37
empyema
pus in the pleural space
38
hemothorax
haemorrhagic pleural effusion
39
pneumothorax
air filled the pleural space, between the layers of parietal pleura lining the chest wall and the visceral pleura covering the lung
40
what is pneumothorax caused by?
a blunt or penetrating chest injury, certain medical procedures,or damage from underlying lung disease. Or it may occur for noobvious reason
41
pneumothorax symptoms
include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath
42
pneumothorax treatment
involves inserting a flexible tube or needle between the ribs to remove the excess air. However, a small pneumothorax may heal on its own.
43
blood supply of pleurae
- visceral and parietal pleura
44
bronchial arteries arise from what?
athoracic aorta; 1-2 for each lung
45
role of bronchial arteries
* Supply oxygenated blood to the nonrespiratory tissues of the lung & visceralpleura * Anastomoses occur between the capillaries of the bronchial and pulmonary systems.
46
bronchial veins
* Only two visible and named bronchial veins. * Probably carry only about 13%ofbronchialvenous blood to systemic venous circuit. * Remaining 87% of bronchial venous blood drains to pulmonary venous circuit desaturating the LA blood by about one percent from 100 to 99%.
47
arterial supply of the pleurae
- Arterial supply is from the branches of the bronchial and pulmonary arterial systems.
48
where do the veins drain in the blood supply of pleurae?
The veins drain to the azygos/hemiazygos veins & some to the pulmonary vein.
49
arteries supply pleurae, which cover the following structures (4):
- cervical pleura - cost pleura - diaphragmatic pleura - mediastinal pleura
50
cervical pleura
intercostal vessels
51
cost pleura
intercostal vessels
52
diaphragmatic pleura
intercostal vessels (periphery) & pericardiacophrenic vessels (central tendon)
53
mediastinal pleura
pericardiacophrenic vessels
54
what would be the companion veins of the arterial supply?
venous drainage from parietal pleura
55
nerve supply to the pleurae
viscera and parietal pleura
56
viscera pleura of nerve supply
no nerve supply
57
parietal pleura of nerve supply
Identical to the vascular supply
58
parietal pleura of nerve supply also cover the following structures (4)
- cervical pleura - costal pleura - diaphragmatic pleura intercostal nerves & phrenic nerves (central tendon) - mediastinal pleura
59
mediastinal pleura of nerves
phrenic nerves

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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