Diarthrosis.. common features.

Question 0

What are the characteristics of the type 1 articular receptors?

Answer 0

1) located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule.
2) They resemble RUFFINI endings
3) most numerous in cervical zygapophyses
4) Monitor the joint at ‘rest’

Question 1

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

Answer 1

articular or fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, articular cartilage and synovial fluid

Question 2

What are the characteristics of type II articular receptors?

Answer 2

1. They are located in deeper strata of the fibrous capsule
2. They resemble PACINIAN corpscles
3. Most numerous in cervical spine
4. monitor the joint during normal ROM

Question 3

What are the characteristics of type III articular receptors?

Answer 3

1. Located in collateral and intrinsic ligaments
2. resemble Golgi tendon organs
3. no initially observed along the vertebral column
4. monitor extreme joint motion

Question 4

What is the function of type IV articular receptors?

Answer 4

nociceptive, they monitor pain

Question 5

Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?

Answer 5

accessory ligaments in general, dense in the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine

Question 6

What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?

Answer 6

1. synovial villi
2. articular fat pads or Haversian glands
3. synovial menisci and intra-articular discs

Question 7

Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?

Answer 7

lumbar zygapophyses

Question 8

Intra-articular discs are a feature of what joint examples?

Answer 8

temporomandibular, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and radio-ulnar joints

Question 9

Synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?

Answer 9

femur-tibia articulation, cervical zygapophyses and lumbar zygapophyses

Question 10

What are the specific functions of type A synovial cells?

Answer 10

they are phagocytic

Question 11

What is the specific function of type B synovial cells?

Answer 11

secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid

Question 12

Which collagen fiber type is present in articular cartilage?

Answer 12

type II

Question 13

What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?

Answer 13

form a network for water retention

Question 14

What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?

Answer 14

cartilage can deform and return to original volume rapidly, a time independent property

Question 15

What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?

Answer 15

cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property

Question 16

Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?

Answer 16

weeping theory

Question 17

Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synoival fluid?

Answer 17

boosted theory

Question 18

Which theory of joint lubrication implies an ADSORPTION of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?

Answer 18

boundary theory

Question 19

What are the properties of synovial fluid

Answer 19

it is yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline and tastes salty

Question 20

Which substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

Answer 20

lubricin

Question 21

Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?

Answer 21

hyaluronate