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ETICC > Diesel engine > Flashcards

Diesel engine Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between petrol and diesel engines

A

A Petrol engine takes in air and fuel, compresses the mixture and then ignites it with a spark plug.
Diesel takes air in, compresses it, injects fuel which causes a spontaneous combustion.

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2
Q

Applicators of diesel engines

A
  • Diesel Generators
  • Air Compressors
  • Fire Pumps
  • Main propulsion engines and Motor Boats
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3
Q

Layout and Cylinder Numbering:

A

Cylinders are numbered from the FREE END starting with 1,2,3 etc.

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4
Q

Layout of vee engines

A

With Vee Engines, A and B banks can be identified by looking from the FREE END of the engine and Bank A is on the left, Bank B is on the right

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5
Q

What is the engine block and cylinder block

A

The block holds the engine components, cylinder linings, crankshaft and suitable mounting for auxiliary systems like the cooling and lubricating systems.

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6
Q

Cylinder head

A

Closes off the cylinder at the top. It accommodates the injector and houses the intake and exhaust ports, valves and valve gear.

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7
Q

Cylinder head joint

A

Makes a water, air, oil and gas tight seal between the cylinder block and head.

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8
Q

The sump

A

The sump acts as a reservoir for oil draining back from the bearings and rocker gear.

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9
Q

Piston

A

A metal component that reciprocates inside the cylinder to compress the air and receive the pressure forces from combustion.

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10
Q

Piston rings

A

Provides a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and inner edge of the cylinder.
They prevent oil from the sump being burnt and lost
Assist with lubrication
They’re are usually 3 rings per piston

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11
Q

Connecting rod

A

Connects the piston to the crankshaft.
It hold the gudgeon pin, the end with the pin is called the small end
The end that holds the crankshaft is known as the big end

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12
Q

Gudgeon pin

A

Connects the connecting rod to the piston

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13
Q

Crankshaft

A

The role of the crankshaft is to change the pistons reciprocating motion to rotary.

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14
Q

Flywheel

A

The flywheel is used to promote smooth running during the non power strokes of an engine by storing kinetic energy

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15
Q

Camshaft

A

It controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves.
It is driven by the crankshaft and rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft.

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16
Q

Valves

A

The task of the valves is to open and close the intake and exhaust ports

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17
Q

Push rod

A

TRANSFERS MOTION FROM THE CAMSHAFT TO THE ROCKER ARMS

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18
Q

Rocker arms

A

The rocker arm is a pivoting arm that transfers motion from the pushrod to activate the valves

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19
Q

Fuel injector

A

INJECTS A MEASURED AMOUNT OF HIGH PRESSURE, ATOMISED FUEL INTO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER

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20
Q

4 stroke cycle

A

Induction stroke
Compression stroke
Power stroke
Exhaust stroke

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21
Q

Induction stroke

A

The inlet valve opens, exhaust valve shuts.
Piston moves from TDC to BDC
Increase in volume causes a vacuum to draw air into cylinder
Inlet valve closes just after BDC to improve cylinder charging.

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22
Q

Compression stroke

A

Both valves are closed
Piston moves from BDC TO TDC to compress the trapped air, this causes an increase in temperature and pressure
When the piston is almost at TDC the injector sprays high pressure atomised fuel. This allows for an “Ignition Delay” of the fuel igniting.

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23
Q

Power stroke

A

Both valves are closed.
As the piston passes TDC towards BDC the fuel ignites and combustion occurs.
The burning air/ fuel mix causes a rapid increase in temperature and pressure and forces the piston down to BDC.

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24
Q

Exhaust stroke

A

The exhaust valve is open, the inlet valve is closed. The piston rises from BDC to TDC pushing waste gasses through the exhaust.

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25
Q

Valve overlap

A

This is a short period where the inlet valve is open at the start of the induction stroke and the exhaust valve is open at the end of the exhaust valve. This aids cylinder charging of fresh air for the induction stroke, and the fresh air entering the cylinder helps purge exhaust gasses and cool the exhaust valve.

26
Q

Fuel service (header) tank

A

Maintains a supply use supply of clean, water free fuel.

27
Q

Tank strainer

A

Prevents large coarse particles from entering the fuel system

28
Q

Fuel lift pump

A

Takes a suction from the tank and delivers low pressure fuel to the fuel injection pump

29
Q

Filters

A

Used to remove smaller finer particles before it enters the injectors and pumps

30
Q

Fuel injection pump

A

Delivers high pressure fuel to the correct injector at the correct time.

31
Q

Injectors

A

Delivers high pressure atomised fuel to the cylinders, returns some fuel via the spill return, the returned fuel cools and lubricates the working parts.

32
Q

Sump strainer

A

Prevents large coarse particles entering the sump and lub oil system

33
Q

Lub oil pump

A

Supplies high pressure oil to the engine bearings, provides low pressure oil to other parts of the engine.
It is a positive displacement pump.
Has a valve on the discharge side which allows oil to enter the sump.

34
Q

Priming pump

A

Provides a method of supplying lub oil to the bearing

35
Q

Lub oil cooler

A

Used to cool the oil using a thermostat therefore maintaining temperature.

36
Q

Reducing valve

A

Reduces the pressure of the lub oil for specific requirements

37
Q

Routine lub oil system tests

A

The test is called kittewake, it tests for water, acidity, insolubles, viscosity and dilution.
Tests are taken every week, results are put in the engine logbook.

38
Q

Fresh water cooling system

A

Cools the cylinder block
constructed as a closed loop system
The water is mixed 50/50 with etyhlene glycol. This acts as an antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor.

39
Q

Fresh water pump

A

Pumps fresh water around the system under high pressure

40
Q

Engine block water passages

A

Allows water to circulate through the engine for the removal of heat

41
Q

Header tank

A

Acts as a reservoir to make up system losses and allow for expansion as the water temperature rises.

42
Q

Heat exchanger

A

Removes excess heat from the water, cooling is provided by the salt water system circuit

43
Q

Vent cocks

A

Used for venting off air when filling the system

Allowing air into the system when draining down the engines coolant for maintenance.

44
Q

Salt water cooling system

A

Its a direct flow from the sea, circulates through the coolers and then back into the sea
Fitted to cool the fresh water and lub oil system through heat exchangers

45
Q

Sea cock

A

Used to isolate the suction side of the system from the sea

46
Q

Salt water circulation pump

A

Circulates the salt water through the system

47
Q

Lub oil cooler

A

The lub oil cooler removes the heat from lub oil

48
Q

Discharge overboard valve

A

Its purpose is to isolate the discharge side of the system from the sea

49
Q

Emergency cooling

A

If the belts on the diesel engine salt water pump fail, the salt water system can be supplied by the main HPSW to keep the engine running.

50
Q

Coolant testing

A

The coolant is tested weekly for salinity, density and acidity.
Results are recorded in the engines log book

51
Q

Safety device- low lub oil pressure

A

If the pressure falls too low an alarm will be set off, if it falls further the engine will trip.
Inform the MEOOW

52
Q

Low coolant pressure

A

If it falls too low an alarm will set off, if it falls further the engine will trip.
Inform the MEOOW

53
Q

High lub oil temperature

A

Should the temperature of the oil rise an alarm will be set off, if it continues to rise the engine will trip.
Inform the MEOOW

54
Q

High coolant temperature

A

If the temperature rises an alarm will be set off.
If it continues to rise it will trip the engine.
Inform the MEOOW

55
Q

Engine overspeed

A

If the speed of the engine exceeds a safe working limit an overspeed device operates to trip the engine.
The engine cannot be restarted until the cause is investigated and removed and the trip is reset.

56
Q

Diesel engine hazards: Hearing

A

Ear defenders are to be worn to avoid deafness of the ears.

57
Q

Diesel engine hazards: High speed rotating and moving machinery parts

A

Have to be fitted with protective guards around them.

58
Q

Diesel engines hazards: Fire and heat

A

High pressure air and fuel is a fire and explosive hazard, engines also reach very high temperatures so safety is important when near the engine and its exhaust system.

59
Q

Precautions for hazards

A

Mop up any leaks or spillages to prevent fires.
Protective guards to protect against hazardous machinery parts.
Wear clean overalls, no watches or jewellery and protected toe cap boots.
Store any oily rags in a safe place.

60
Q

PPE

A 
Eye protection e.g. goggles
Hearing protection e.g. ear defenders
Hand protection e.g. gloves
Respiratory system e.g. dust mask
Foot protections e.g. Boots with protective toecaps
61
Q

Tools

A 
Select the right tool
Use it for what its designed for
Use in a correct and safe manner
Do not leave them laying around
Stow them after use
Regularly inspect for damgage

ETICC (11 decks)

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