Diet Flashcards
Explain the Stephan curve when you add glucose
Causes the pH in the mouth to lower. Goes below critical pH and then takes a few hours to get to normal pH.
What is the definition of a free sugar?
They include monosaccharides and disaccharides added to food and beverages by the manufacturer, cook or customer, and sugars naturally potent in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit concentrates.
Give some examples of sugar or sugar-containing foods
- Sucrose
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Lactose
- Maltose
- Hydrolysed starch
- Honey
- Corn syrup
- Treacle
What % intake does WHO suggest for free sugars?
10%
only 1/8 adults achieve this
How many cubes of sugar is it recommended for an adult to have a day?
7
Give some of the healthy advice recomendations
Eat at least five portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables a day
Base meals on potatoes, bread, rice, pasta or other starchy carbohydrates. Choose wholegrain where possible
Have some dairy or dairy alternatives (such as soya drinks and yoghurts). Choose lower-fat and lower-sugar options
Eat some beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other protein. Aim for at least two portions of fish every week – one of which should be oily, such as salmon or mackerel
Choose unsaturated oils and spreads and eat in small amounts
Eat foods high in fat, salt and sugar less often and in small amounts
Drink plenty of fluids – the government recommends 6-8 cups/glasses a day
What is some caries prevention advice for children?
- Sugars should not be added to food/drinks
- Parents should supervise when toothbrushing
- As soon as tooth erupt, brush twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste
- Brush last thing at night and on one other occasion
- Use fluoridated toothpaste
- Use a smear of toothpaste
What are some caries prevention for adults?
- Brush at least twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste (1350-1500ppm)
- Spit out after brushing and do not rinse to maintain fluoride conc levels
- Frequency and amount of sugary food and drinks
When should diet counselling occur?
All patients with high caries risk.
Patients with unusual pattern of caries.
Patients with erosive tooth loss.
Patients with sensitivity.
Give some details on diet analysis
- Establishes the patients starting point
- Involves collecting information about the patients present diet
- Methods 24 hour recall method diet sheet/diary
- Records everything a patient eats or drinks
- 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day
What do we analyse on a diet diary?
Number of intakes
Number of intakes with sugar (excluding whole fruits)
High sugar food/diet
Whether any intakes containing sugars were taken within 1 hour of bed
What key points do you focus on when giving diet advice?
- Emphasise amount and frequency of free sugar concentration
- Encourage the consumption of sugary foods and drinks to be restricted to mealtimes
- Recommend that sugarys food and drinks with free sugars should be limited to <5% of diet
- Make the approach realistic, motivational, patient-centered and give sugar substitutes
What is 25-30g sugar per day?
Bran flakes and orange juice OR
2 fun sized mars bars OR
Tea with 1 sugar and slice of cake OR
240ml mug of hot chocolate
How can we be realistic with diet advice?
Clear messages
Build skills in thinking of healthy alternatives
Build skills in thinking of healthy alternatives
Get patients to identify small goals with you
Recognise the behaviour change is a process
Give some details on obesity in the UK
Adults
Obesity is commonly defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more.
24% of men and 25% of women were classified as obese in 2012
Children
9.3% of children (9.7% of boys and 8.8% of girls) in Reception year (aged 4-5 years)
18.9% of children (20.4% of boys and 17.4% of girls) in Year 6 (aged 10-11 years)
are classified as obese according to the British 1990 population monitoring definition of obesity (≥95th centile) (National Child Measurement Programme 2012/13) By 2050 obesity is predicted to affect 60% of adult men, 50% of adult women and 25% of children (Foresight 2007).
