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Diet Abd Cardiac Health Flashcards

Learn all the dietary factors for heart health (76 cards)

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1
Q

What drug does cranberry juice interact with

A

Warfarin

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2
Q

What does ACE stand for?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

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3
Q

Name 6 ACE inhibitors

A 
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
Quinapril
Ramipril
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4
Q

Name 3 brands of captopril

A

Capoten
Aceomel
Captor

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5
Q

Name 2 brands of Enalopril

A

Innovace

Enap

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6
Q

Name 6 brands of lisinopril

A 
Zestril
Carace 
Lisopress
Lispril
Zesger 
Byzestra
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7
Q

Name 1 brand of perindopril

A

Coversyl

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8
Q

Name 1 brand of Quinapril

A

Accupro

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9
Q

Name 3 brands of ramipril

A

Tritace
Ramic
Ramilo

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10
Q

Name 5 combinations of ACE inhibitor and diuretic

A 
Accuretic 
Capozide
Coversyl Plus
Innozide 
Zestoretic
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11
Q

Name 2 combinations of ACE and calcium channel blockers

A

Acerycal

Triapin

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12
Q

Name 2 generic aldosterone antagonists

A

Eplerenone

Spironolactone

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13
Q

Name 2 brands of aldosterone antagonists

A

Inspra

Aldactone

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14
Q

Name 3 generic alpha blockers

A

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin

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15
Q

Name 3 brands of alpha blockers

A

Cardura
Hypovase
Hytrin

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16
Q

What 4 things do ACE inhibitors do

A

Prevent a second heart attack and further damage

Lower blood pressure

Protect kidneys in diabetes

Improve symptoms of heart failure and slow prgression of the disease

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17
Q

What is main side effecrt of ACEi

A

Dry irritating cough, most likely after starting or increasing med.

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18
Q

What 3 things do aldosterone antagonists do?

A

Block the effect of the hormone aldosterone

This helps maintain pumping action of the heart

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19
Q

What 2 situations are aldosterone antagonists used for?

A

To treat heart failure

Sometimes after a heart attack

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20
Q

What is main side effect of aldosterone antagonists? Eplerenone (Inspra), spironolactone (aldactone)

A

Raises potassium

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21
Q

What do alpha blockers do?

A

They relax the blood vessels by blocking the nerve signals that cause them to constrict

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22
Q

What are alpha blockers used for? Doxazosin (Cardura), Prazosin(Hypovase), Terazosin(Hytrin)

A

Lower blood pressure

Sometimes to manage the symptoms of an enlarged prostrate

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23
Q

What are ARBs used for

A

Same as ACEi but wirk in slightly different way

Prevent a second heart attack and further damage

Lower blood pressure

Protect kidneys in diabetes

Improve symptoms of heart failure and slow prgression of the disease

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24
Q

Give 6 examples of ARBs

A 
Candesartan 
Eprosartan 
Losartan 
Olmesartan 
Telmisartan 
Valsartan
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25
Give 7 brand names for ARBs
``` Candesartan Atacand Eprosartan Teveten Losartan cozaar Olmesartan omesar, benetor Telmisartan micardis Valsartan diovan (in entresto) ```
26
What brands have ARB and Diuretic
``` Atacand plus Co-Diovan Cozaar-Comp Micardis plus Omesar plus/Benetor plus ```
27
What brands are ARB and calcium channel blockers
Exforge Konverge Twynsta
28
What do the ARB drugs end with
sartan
29
What does 2 drugs does Entresto contain
Sacubitril | Valsartan
30
What are side effects of ARBs
Dizziness, headache, fatigue, flu like symptoms
31
What is amiodarone
An anti-arrhythmic
32
What is amiodarone used for
To control heart rhythm | Slowing heart rate if it's beating too fast
33
2 interesting facts about amiodarone (cardarone)
Start at high does and reduce as it takes a long time to build up in body- stays for months too. May make skin sensitive to sunlight. Could cause over or underactive thyroid xheck TFTs Could affect liver function Eye sight, night blindness Lungs yearly CXR
34
Name 4 generic antiplatelet drugs
Aspirin Clopidogrel Prasugrel Ticagrelor
35
Name 4 brands of antiplatelet meds
Aspirin aspirin Clopidogrel plavix Prasugrel efient Ticagrelor brilique
36
What antiplatelet meds do you give after stents
Aspirin And Another x 12 to 18 months Clopidogrel plavix Prasugrel efient Ticagrelor brilique
37
What other medication do you use when on antiplatelet medication?
Proton pump inhibitors in case of GI bleeding
38
What are sideeffects of ticegrelor?
Shortness of breath
39
What does ticegrelor interact with?
Clarithromycin
40
What is the brand name if Clopidogrel
Plavix
41
What is the brand name of Prasugrel?
Efient
42
When are beta blockers used?
Angine High blood pressure Irregular heart rhythm arrhythmia (Afib is most common) After heart attack
43
In high blood pressure what do beta blockers do?
Block adrenaline like substances in body and lower BP | Improve efficiency of heart by making rhythm more regular
44
How do beta blockers work?
Reduce stress hormones This slows rate and force of contraction of the heart This reduces workload on heart by reducing the amount of oxygen needed by heart muscle This reduces angina
45
Generic names of beta blockers
``` Atenolol Bisoprolol Carvedilol Celipropol Metopropolol Nebivolol Propranolol Sotalol ```
46
What are brand names of b blockers
Atenolol Bisoprolol Emcor, Cardicor, bisopine, bisocor, Emcolol, Soprol. ``` Carvedilol Celipropol Metopropolol Nebivolol Propranolol Sotalol ```
47
Name beta blockers combined with diuretic
Atecor CT Tenoret 50 Tenoretic Atenetic
48
Name 2 beta blockers combined with calcium channel blockers
Beta adalat | Niften
49
Side effects of beta blockers
``` Tiredness Dizziness Headache Cold hands and feet Sweating Disturbed sleep Nightmares Fatigue Depression Can raise BSLs in DM ```
50
What is Ranolazine (Ranexa) used for
Angina
51
Side effects of ranolazine
Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, weakness.
52
What do calcium channel blockers do?
Dihydropyridine derivatives mainly treat high BP | Non dihydropyridine derivatives lowers BP, lowers heart rate, used for angina and irregular heart rate.
53
What are generic names of calcium channel blockers
``` Dihydropyridine derivatives Amlodipine Felodipine Lercanidipine Nifedipine ``` Non-dihydropyridine derivatives Diltiazem Verapamil
54
Whate are brand names of calcium channel blockers
``` Dihydropyridine derivatives Amlodipine istin, amlist Felodipine plendil Lercanidipine zanidip Nifedipine adalat, nifed ``` Non-dihydropyridine derivatives Diltiazem Dilzem, Adizem, Entrydil Verapamil Isoptin, veramil
55
What are side effects of calcium channel blockers
Headache, swelling ankles, facial flushing, dizziness, difficulty sleeping
56
Name 4 groups of cholesterol lowering drugs
Statins Ezetemibe Nicotinic acid Fibrates
57
How do statins work?
Reduce production of cholesterol by liver
58
What do statins do?
Lower cholesterol Slows build up of plaque Stabalise plaque that is there
59
Names generic versions of statins
``` Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin ```
60
What the brand names of statins
Atorvastatin lipitor Fluvastatin lescol Pravastatin lipostat, pravitin, pravamel, pravat, bystat, cholstat Rosuvastatin crestor, Simvastatin zocor, sivatin, simator, somzor, simian, ritechol.
61
Side effects of statins
Mild indigestion Headache Rarely liver and muscle inflammation (myostitis)
62
How does ezetemibe (Ezetrol/suvezen/inegy/atozet/lipocomb work
Reduces the amount of cholesterol that your body absorbs. Used in combination with statins Dose 10 mg even when combined
63
What does nicotinic acid (Niaspan) do?
Lowers LDL and triglycerides by reducing the amount your body produces. Increases hdl
64
Side effects of nicotinic acid
Flushing
65
What are names of fibrates
Fenofibrate (lipantil) | Gemfibrozil (lopid)
66
What do fibrates do?
Lower cholesterol
67
Septal myectomy
Thickening of ventricle and so needs ti be pared away.
68
What does HOCM mean
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Abnormally thick heart muscle Mostly genetic Can often go unnoticed with no problems
69
What does DCM stand for?
Dilated cardiomyopathy Most common cardiomyopathy Causes often not known Alcohol could be one, genetic, often idiopathic (cause not known)
70
Trinomia
aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), atorvastatin, ramipril
71
Suvezen
Ezetimibe | Rosuvastatin
72
Konverge
Amlodipine And Olmesartan
73
Dapagliflozin
SGLT2 Brand name Farxiga and Forxiga Reduces blood sugars on diabetes Used in HF with reduced EF HFrEF
74
Entresto
Sacubitril / Valsartan angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
75
ROSS procedure
Diseased aortic valve is replaced with patient's own pulmonary valve. Pulmonary valve is replaced with tissue valve. Mechanical valves last longer but need life long warfarin. Tissue valve wouldn't last long in aortic valve as it is a high pressure valve.
76
Ketones
Normal less than 0.6 0.6 to 1.5 slightly increased risk, recheck 8n 2 hours 1.6 to 2.9 increased risk nurse or GP immediately 3 very high risk seek help immediately

Medications (7 decks)

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