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Diet and Digestion Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Kidneys

A

Filters waste. Produces unrine.

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2
Q

Brain

A

Controls the activities of the body.

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3
Q

What does HCL stand for?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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4
Q

lungs

A

Where gas exchange occurs

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5
Q

Carbohydrates function

A

gives you short term energy

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6
Q

Lipids function

A

For insulation and protection - long term energy store

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7
Q

Protein function

A

For growth and repair

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8
Q

Vitamins function

A

Variety of different important functions

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9
Q

Minerals function

A

Variety of different functions

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10
Q

Fibre function

A

To help digestion

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11
Q

Water function

A

A medium in which chemical reactions take place

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12
Q

List the 7 groups that are required in a balanced diet..

A

Vitamin, Minerals, Carboyhdrates, Protein, Lipids, Water, fibre

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13
Q

Excretion definition

A

The removal of metebolic waste products.

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14
Q

Vitamin A

A

function - helps vision in dark, keeps tissue healthy

Effect of deficiency - night blindness

good food source - broccoli, spinach, leafy vegetables

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15
Q

Vitamin C

A

Function - needed for tissue repairs and keeps skin/ gums healthy

Effect of deficiency - Scurvy

Good food source -Citrus fruit, kiwi

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16
Q

Vitamin D

A

Function - Teeth and bones stronger, aids absorption of calcium

Effect of deficiency - Rickets

good food souce- Dairy, fish oil

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17
Q

Calcium

A

Function - Strong bones and teeth

Effect of deficiency - osteoporosis

Good food souce - Dairy, yogurt, milk

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18
Q

Iron

A

Function - Found in haemoglobin

Effect of deficiency - Anaemia

Good food source - red meat, spinach

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19
Q

Fibre

A

Function - to help digestion

Effect of deficiency -Constipation

Good food souce- whole meal bread, baked beans

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20
Q

Water

A

Function - A medium in which chemical reaction take place

            - Needed for all bodily functions 
            - helps metabolic reactions

Effect of deficiency- Dehydration

Good food source - Water

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21
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

Produced - salivary glands

used - mouth

Substrate - Starch

End product - Maltose

pH - Slightly alkaline

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22
Q

Carboydrates 3x enzymes

A

Salivary amylase
pancretic amylase
maltase

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23
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Produced - pancreases

used - duodenum

Substrate - starch

End product - Maltose

pH - Slightly alkaline

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24
Q

Maltase

A

Produced - duodenum

used - duodenum

Substrate - Maltose

End product - glucose

pH - Slightly alkaline

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25
Protein 3x enzymes
pepsin trypsin peptidase
26
Pepsin
Produced - stomach used - stomach Substrate - proteins End product - peptides pH - acids
27
Trypsin
Produced - pancreas used - duodenum Substrate - protein End product - peptides pH - Slightly alkaline
28
Peptidases
Produced - Duodenum used - duodenum Substrate - peptides End product - amino acids pH - Slightly alkaline
29
Lipids enzmes x1
lipase
30
Lipase
Produced - Pancreas used - duodenum Substrate -lipids End product - glycerol + fatty acids pH - Slightly alkaline
31
Bile function
- it neutralises the acid - provides the alkaline condition needed in the dueodum - it emulsifies fats - breaks big blobs of fats into smaller ones proivding a larger surface area - produced in liver - released in the gale bladder
32
Slavary glands
- produces salvia - helps to moisten food - contains enzymes amylase which stars the breakdown of starch
33
Mouth function
- Food is ingested - Mechanical digestion occurs - teeth cut and crush food into small pieces - increases surface area of food - food is mixed with saliva - salivary amylase - breaks down carbohydrates and moisten food - This form a bolus of food which is pushed to the back of the mouth with the tongue
34
Teeth
- involved in mechanical digestion - Incisors - for bitting and cutting - Canine - for holding and cutting - premolar and molar - crushing and churning
35
Oesophagus function
- Food passes down into the stomach - Moves food through the digestion sytem by a process called peristalsis - two sets of muscles are involved - circular and longitudinal muscles - causes wave like contractions
36
Stomach
- muscles bag that stores food for several hours - HCL is secreted - makes stomach very acidic ( low PH) - acid kills bacteria - prevents food poisoning - Produces enzyme pepsin - breaks dwon protein to dipeptides - Muscle contracts and churns food - mechanical digestion Protein ——pepsin—-> peptide
37
Duodenum function
- food is broken down into lots of small soluble molecules - gets absorbed into the ileum - bile creates an alkaline enviroment - ideal for enzymes - Protein - trypsin, peptidase - Carboydrase - pancretic amylase, maltase - lipids - lipase - Protien ——trypsin ——-> peptide ———-peptidase —-> amino acids - Starch ——amylase——-> maltose ——-glucose - Lipids ——lipase————> glycerol + fatty acids x3
38
ileum function
- absorption of small soluble molecules into blood steam and lacteal (absorbing fats) ilium —> Villi - the lacteal absorbs fats - villi abdaptions - long - increase area of food - Short diffusion distance - Good blood supply - Large surface area
39
Villi adaptations
villi abdaptions - long - increase area of food - Short diffusion distance - Good blood supply - Large surface area
40
Large intestine function
- Excess water is absorbed in the colon | - this leaves indigestible food ( mainly cellulose & other indigestible remains like water, bacteria)
41
Rectum function
- Stores faeces ( semi soluble waste material fibre )
42
Anus function
- Expels the faeces from the body - egestion
43
Digestion system order
- Salivary glands - mouth - teeth - oesophogus - stomach- duodenum - illium ( villi ) - large intestine ( colon) - rectum - anis
44
Liver
- filters toxins from blood - acts like the food processing factory - produces bile which emulsifies fats
45
Gall bladder
stores and releases bile into bile dust to enter the duodenum.
46
Pancreas
- produes digestion enzymes... —> Trypsin —> pancreatic amylase —> Lipase These are realsed into the dueodum for chemical digestion
47
Absorbtion
- Small , soluble molecules move from the small intestine into the blood.
48
Ingestion
- Food enters the digestion system via the mouth
49
Assimilation
- Small food molecules are used to build large molecues e.g. Amino acids are used to synthesise proteins
50
Egestion
Removal of undigestible food ( Faeces) from the anus
51
Digestion
breaks down large soluble molecules into small soluble molecules
52
Put the following into order……Absorbtion, digestion, egestion, ingestion, assimilation
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion
53
What is the enzyme that breaks down maltose into glucose?
Maltose
54
Which enzyme are involved in digestion starch. Where are they found?
- Salivary amylase - mouth + pancreatic amylase - duodenum
55
Which is the only enzyme found in the stomach? What does it break down?
Pepsin - breaks down protein
56
What is the role of HCL in the stomach?
Kills bacteria, makes the stomach very acidic
57
Why do we have 2 enzymes that convert starch to maltose?
Becuase they occur in diffrent places - dueodum _ mouth - not fully broken down
58
Where do lipids get broken down?
deuodenum
59
What are the 2 enzyme that digest protein and what are the products form?
Pepsin, trypsin - Dipeptides | Peptidase - peptides and amino acids
60
Describe how you would carry out an experiment to find out the energy value of a potato chip. (4)
To carry out this experiment, you need to: - pour cold water into a boiling tube - record the starting temperature of the water - record the mass of the food sample - heat the food until it catches fire (complete combustion) - heat the water using the flame from the burning food - record the final temperature of the water
61
Describe how you would carry out an experiment to find out the energy value of a potato chip. (4) - safety
Safety - Take care when touching boling tube - dont eat food - boiling tube pointing away from you
62
Explain the effect that the level of activity has on the energy requirement of females. (3)
- More musculer contraction - More respiration - More Kj Required
63
Mechanical digestion
Teeth break down food into small pieces of peristalsis helps more food along the small intestine.
64
Chemical digestion
- Enzymes break down food into small soluble molecules starch ———amulase-—-> maltose
65
colon function
Where water is reabsorbed
66
Describe what happens to food,when it is not digested or absorbed?
- Colon absorbs water - form faeces in the rectum - egested through anus
67
Describe how food is passed from the mouth to the stomach?
Food travels through the oesophagus and peristalsis, a wave like musclar contraction in oesophagus, moves the food into the stomach
68
Explain what happens to protein in the stomach (4)
- Produces pepsin which breaks down protein to dipeptides. - Churning in musclar sack. - HCL provides optimum PH
69
Energy in food -practical
- burn the food equation: mass of water x mass of food / mass of food - independent - Food group - dependent - temp increse - control - amount of water in boiling tube, complete combustion - safety - take care when jouching boling tube, safety googles, dont eat the food
70
energy in food equation
mass of water x temp rises x4.2 / mass of food sample
71
explain the effect that the level of activity has on the energy requirement of females?
- more muscle contraction - more respiration - more KJ required
72
Suggest why coeliac disease may affect the growth of a child
- less growth - less surface area - less absorption of amino acids - less energy
73
explain how the liver helps with digestion
1- emulsifies bile 2 increases surface area 3 - lipase 4 - neutralises the acid
74
explain why we only have a small amount of oils and fats?
- obesity | - lead to CHD
75
Explain what it means by the term balanced diet?
correct proportion of food - carb, protein, lipids. vitamins, minerals, fibre and water

Biology (7 decks)

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