Diet And Health

Question 1

What’s energy budget?

Answer 1

Amount of energy takin in by organisms and amount of energy used up by organism

Question 2

What does every imbalance cause?

Answer 2

Changes in weight

Question 3

What does weight gain cause?

Answer 3

If energy intake is higher than energy output excess energy will be turned into ti fat reserves by body so person will gain weight
If energy difference is a lot and sustained overtime person could become obese

Question 4

What does weight loss cause?

Answer 4

If energy intake is lower than energy output the body will have to get more energy from turning some of its fats reserves into energy so person will lose weight
If energy difference is large and sustained over time person is likely to become underweight

Question 5

How do you carry out the vitamin C practical?

Answer 5

Make several vit c solutions known concentrations
Use measuring cylinder to measure out a set volume of DCPIP into test tube
Add one vit c solution DCPIP drop by drop
Gently shake test tube for set length of time
When solution turns colourless record vol of vit c that has been added
Repeat experiment twice more with same solution and take an average in three readings
Repeat steps above with each solution

Question 6

What are carbohydrates made from?

Answer 6

Monosaccharides

Question 7

What are most carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 7

Long chains of monosaccharides that are large and complex

Question 8

What’s an example of a monosaccharide?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

What are the 2 types of glucose?

Answer 9

Alpha and beta

Question 10

How many carbons does glucose have?

Answer 10

6

Question 11

How do monosaccharides join together?

Answer 11

By glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction

Question 12

What do monosaccharides joining together form?

Answer 12

Disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 13

What’s a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 13

Molecule of water reacts with glycosidic bond breaking it apart

Question 14

How many monosaccharides form a disaccharide?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What 2 molecules join together to form maltose?

Answer 15

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 16

What 2 molecules join together to form lactose?

Answer 16

Beta glucose and galactose

Question 17

What 2 molecules join together to form sucrose?

Answer 17

Alpha glucose and fructose

Question 18

What type of bond does lactose have?

Answer 18

1-4 Glycosidic

Question 19

What type of bond does sucrose have?

Answer 19

1-2 glycosidic Bond

Question 20

How many monosaccharides form a polysaccharide?

Answer 20

2 or more

Question 21

What molecules join together to form amylose?

Answer 21

Many alpha glucose with 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 22

What molecules form together to form amylopectin?

Answer 22

Alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds and lots of branches

Question 23

What molecules join together to form glycogen?

Answer 23

Alpha glucose with 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds and Ben more side branches than amylopectin

Question 24

What are 2 types of polysaccharides?

Answer 24

Starch and glycogen

Question 25

Features of starch?

Answer 25

Energy storage in plants Made up of amylose and amylopectin Insoluble in water Plants store excess glucose as starch

Question 26

Feature did amylose?

Answer 26

Long unbranched chain of glucose joined together with 1-4 glycosidic bonds Coiled structure Compact so good for storage

Question 27

Features if amylopectin?

Answer 27

Long branched chain of glucose containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds Side branches - allow enzymes that break down molecule to get at the glycosidic bonds easily Glucose can be released quickly

Question 28

Feature did glycogen?

Answer 28

Energy stores in animals Store excess glucose as glycogen Loads of side branches - glucose can be released quickly (important for energy release) Compact molecule good for storage Insoluble in water Large molecule so can use lots of energy

Question 29

What are triglycerides?

Answer 29

A type of lipid

Question 30

What’s a triglyceride made up of?

Answer 30

1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids

Question 31

What are fatty acids tails made up of?

Answer 31

Hydrocarbons

Question 32

Are tails hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 32

Hydrophobic

Question 33

What do these tails do to lipids?

Answer 33

Make them insoluble in water

Question 34

What does R in the structure refer to?

Answer 34

Variable R group

Question 35

How are triglycerides formed?

Answer 35

Condensations reactions

Question 36

How are triglycerides broken up?

Answer 36

Hydrolysis

Question 37

How are triglycerides joined together?

Answer 37

Ester bonds

Question 38

What atom is found in the glycerol molecule?

Answer 38

Hydrogen

Question 39

What does the hydrogen atom in the glycerol molecule bind to and what does it release in turn?

Answer 39

Hydroxyl group on the fatty acid and releases a water molecule

Question 42

What happens in hydrolysis?

Answer 42

Molecule of water is added to each ester bond to break it sort and triglycerides splits up into three fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Question 43

Where are saturate lipids found?

Answer 43

Animal fats

Question 44

Where are unsaturated lipids found?

Answer 44

Plants

Question 45

Features of saturated lipids?

Answer 45

No double bonds between carbon atoms in hydrocarbon tails

Question 46

Features of unsaturated lipids?

Answer 46

Double bonds between carbon atoms in hydrocarbon tails

Question 47

What are the 2 types of lipoprotein?

Answer 47

LDL and HDL

Question 48

What’s a lipoprotein?

Answer 48

Substances composed of both protein and lipid

Question 49

What are the 2 totes of lipoprotein?

Answer 49

HDL and LDL

Question 50

features of HDL?

Answer 50

Mainly protein Transport cholesterol from body tissues to liver where it’s recycled or excreted Function is to reduce total blood cholesterol Sheen level is ok high

Question 51

Features of LDL?

Answer 51

Mainly lipid Transport cholesterol from liver to blood where it circulates until needed by cells Their function is to increase total blood cholesterol when level is too low

Question 52

What’s the formula used to calculate BMI?

Answer 52

Body mass \ height squared

Question 53

How to calculate waist to hip ratio?

Answer 53

Waist / hips (in cm)