Diet & Exercise Advice

Question 1

What dietary factors affect diabetes risk?

Answer 1

insufficient fibre (NSPs) and high Saturated FAs increase risk of diabetes

Question 2

What dietary factors affect risk of CVD?

Answer 2

Increases risk:

• Transaturated FAs
• Sodium
• Alcohol
• Myristic/palmitic acids

Decreases risk:

• Linoleic acid
• Fish/fish oils
• Fruit/veg
• Potassium

Question 3

What dietary factors affect risk of cancer?

Answer 3

Alcohol, salt, preserved meats and aflatoxins all increase risk of cancer

Question 4

What are the types of dietary advice?

Answer 4

Dietary Allowances - Minimum levels of essential nutrients required to prevent deficiency

Dietary Goals - National targets for speciific nutrient aimed at reducing chronic disease

Dietary guidelines - broad targets aimed at individuals e.g. 5 fruit/veg a day

Dietary reference values - Amount of energy/nutrients needed by specific pops

Question 5

Types of Dietary Reference values?

Answer 5

Estimated Average Requirments (EAR)

Reference Nutrient Intakes (RNI) - meets the needs of nearly everyone (97.5%)

Lower Reference Nutrient Intakes (LRNI) - meets the needs of only the bottom 2.5%

Question 6

Government Dietary recommendations on fat?

Answer 6

Total fat reduce to 35% of food energy

Sat Fat reduce to 11% of food energy

Question 7

Government Dietary recommendations on carbohydrate?

Answer 7

Carbs should increase to >50% of food energy

Question 8

Government Dietary recommendations on free (added) sugars?

Answer 8

Reduce to <5% of total food energy (current target is 11%)

Question 9

Government Dietary recommendations on dietary fibre?

Answer 9

Increase to 30g per day

Question 10

Government Dietary recommendations on F&V?

Answer 10

5 portions (400g) a day

Question 11

Government Dietary recommendations on alcohol?

Answer 11

<5% of energy intake

Question 12

Government Dietary recommendations on salt?

Answer 12

Adults no more than 6g per day (2.4g of sodium).

Lower values for children of different ages