Dietry Needs Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is EAR’s
Estimated average requirements
What is BMR
Minimum Energy needed to function.
The amount of energy used up for breathing heart, beating etc.
What factors effect BMR
Age
gender
weight
height
exercise
What is PAL
physical activity level
Measures how active you are
How do you work out daily energy needs
BMR X PAL
How much energy should come from carbs, protein, fats
Carbs 50%
Protein 15%
Fats 35%
What are the energy counts for carbs protein and fats
Carbs - 4 kcal/gram
Protein- 4 kcal/gram
Fats - 9 kcal/gram
How do you calculate energy content of food
Energy content x how much in grams
E.g. bread 100g x 4 kcal/gram = 400 kcal
What are the 3 places where nutritional information for foods can be found
- Referencing tables online in books
- Nutritional analysis software
- On food labelling/packaging
What does energy balance mean
Where the calories taken in from the diet are equal to the calories used by the body
How do we divide the life stages up into 7 groups
Babies
Toddlers
Children
Teenagers
Adults
Elderly
Pregnant
What is the diet for a baby
Up to 6 month old
Breast feed / formula
At 6 months introduce soft foods
Combination of raw & cooked should gradually increase to get the baby used to textures
What is the diet for a toddler
Based on the eat well guid
Small stomachs small portions
Eat for frequently for energy
Important calcium
Encourage to try new foods
What is the diet for a child
Very active & growing
High energy needs
Need balanced diet with fruit, veg, Calcium, and vitamin D
Sugar should be avoided
Eating habits are learned from parents whole fam should eat healthy
What is the diet for a teenager
Normally they eat too much saturated fat, salt and sugar as well as being inactive
Growth spurts - protein required for muscle growth and calcium for bones
Teenage girls need more iron and vitamin C when in their period
They deal with stress for the first time in school can lead to poor diet habits such as anorexia or overeating, can lead to obesity
What is the diet for a adult
Stopped growing doesn’t need much
Eat well guid should be followed
Metabolic rate of adults slows through age
Muscle loss fat gained
Less energy needed
Women continue to loss blood so need iron and vitamin C
What is the diet for a elderly
Less active so less energy needed
Take care not to gain weight, cutting down on saturated fat reduce heart disease rick
Taste and smell change
Important nutrients are calcium, vitamin D, B9
Some do not get nutrients form balanced diet they need supplements
Common to loose teeth/dental problems
Need of fibre
What is the diet for a pregnant woman
Diet needs to be adapted though it
Increase energy 200 kcal per day
Folic acid (B9) prevents spina bifilar in the baby
What dose lactose intolerant mean
Lactose is the sugar in milk makes them feel unwell and Luther side effects
What dose coeliac mean
Can have gluten which produced bread, biscuit, pasta etc.
What dose diabetic mean
Can eat sugar / glucose isn’t used up by the body for energy so it stays in the body regular meals include carbs
How many common allergens are there that have to be in bold on the label of food
14
What are the 14 allergens
- Gluten
- Crustaceans (prawns, crabs)
- Eggs
- Fish
- Peanuts
- Soybeans
- Milk(lactose)
- Mustard
- Nuts
- Celery
- Sesame
- Sulphur dioxide (used as a preservative)
- Lupin (type of flour)
- Molluscs (mussels, oysters, squid)
What can’t a vegetarian eat
Can’t eat - meat, fish
