Difference Tests + Ch13

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

Sample values

Question 2

Parameters

Answer 2

Estimated population values

Question 3

Statistical inference

Answer 3

Estimation of population values by analyzing sample

Question 4

2 types of statistical inference

Answer 4

Parameter estimation technique (confidence intervals)
Hypothesis testing

Question 5

Confidence level

Answer 5

The percent associated with the confidence interval

Question 6

Margin of error

Answer 6

The +/-% of a study’s finding from a sample

eg: 45% with a margin of error of 2% from a sample means that the study taken from the confidence interval will fall within 43-47%

Question 7

Confidence interval

Answer 7

The number associated with the confidence level
eg: 95% confidence level = 19/20 confidence interval

Question 8

Two possible hypothesis test results

Answer 8

There is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favour of the alternative hypothesis

There is insufficient evidence and we “fail to reject” the null hypothesis

Question 9

P-value

Answer 9

The likelihood that the result happened by chance

Question 10

Null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 10

The hypothesis you are trying to disprove

Question 11

Alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Answer 11

The hypothesis you are trying to prove

Question 12

P-value of 0.05 or less

Answer 12

You reject null hypothesis

Question 13

Effect size

Answer 13

Strength of phenomenon

Question 14

False alarm (type 1)

Answer 14

False positive, incorrecty confirmed

Question 15

Miss (type 2)

Answer 15

False negative, incorrectly rejected

Question 16

Analysis of differences within groups

Answer 16

One sample t-test
Paired samples t-test

Question 17

One sample t-test

Answer 17

Does the mean differ from the benchmark?

Question 18

Paired sample t-test

Answer 18

Does the mean for one variable differ from the mean for another variable?

Question 19

Analyses of differences between groups

Answer 19

Chi-square test of difference
Independent-sample t-test
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Question 20

Chi-square test of difference

Answer 20

Does the proportion in one group differ from the proportion in another group?

Question 21

Independent samples t-test

Answer 21

Does the mean of one group differ from the mean of another group?

Question 21

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Answer 21

Are there differences in the means of 3+ groups?

Question 22

Post hoc tests

Answer 22

Options that are available to determine where the pair(s) of statistically significant differences between the means exist(s)