Differential Achievement - Gender - OUTSIDE OF SCHOOL FACTORS

Question 1

Frosh et al

Answer 1

Found that boys often underachieve in education to avoid being labeled as “gay” by their peers, as academic success is not seen as “masculine.”

Question 2

Mac an Ghaill

Answer 2

working-class “Macho Lads” faced a crisis of masculinity due to de-industrialisation, which reduced traditional manual labor jobs and shifted towards office-based, part-time roles often associated with women.

Question 3

Beck

Answer 3

Beck’s concept of a risk society helps explain the rising educational attainment of girls, as increased uncertainty around marriage and job security has led many young women to prioritise education as a route to financial independence.

Question 4

McRobbie

Answer 4

Found that girls were more protected by parents and given less freedom than their brothers, leading them to spend more time at home and develop ‘bedroom cultures.’