Differential Diagnosis (intro) Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the 5 areas of the CNS? What are the 3 areas of the PNS?
Brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia
Nerve root, plexus, peripheral nerve
What are the sensory and motor deficits seen with the CNS?
- sensory = loss is generalized and non-dermatomal
- UMN signs = spastic weakness, hyperreflexia, Babinski, other patho reflexes
What are the sensory and motor deficits seen with the PNS?
- sensory = confined to a specific dermatomal level
- LMN = flaccid weakness, atrophy hyporeflexia, fasciculations
what are the most common cause of peripheral polyneuropathy? What are some other causes? What gets affect first?
diabetes, alcoholism
- B12, lyme, gillian-barre
The longest axon (symptoms start distal and progress proximal)
how many peripheral nervous system patterns are there? What are they?
Two, Mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy
How many central nervous system patterns are there? What are they?
5, cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, cerebellum, basal ganglia
What unique symptom makes you think cortex?
Higher thinking processes
What unique symptom makes you think brainstem?
Cranial nerve deficits
What unique symptom makes you think spinal cord?
?
what cranial nerves for motor are in the pons?
5,6,7,8
Which cranial nerve for sensory spans from the midbrain to the medulla with most of it’s nucleus in the pons?
5
Cranial nerve deficits are usually (ipsi/contralateral?) to the side of the lesion?
Sensory and motor deficits of the extremities (if present) will usually be (ipsi/contralateral?) to the side
of the lesion?
Ipsi
Contra
What would be impaired with a small central lesion of the spinal cord? What could cause this?
Bilateral loss of pain and temperature
Chiari malformation
Syringomyelia
What would be impaired with a large central lesion of the spinal cord? What could cause this?
Bilateral pain and temp and flaccid weakness at cord level and spastic weakness below
Cortex lesions may present with a variety of neurological losses. Mental status changes (memory & personality changes) are common in
brain lesions. Motor (UMN) & sensory deficits are _____lateral to the
lesion.
Contralateral
Brainstemlesions typically cause cranial nerve deficits ____lateral
with a possible ____lateral extremity motor & sensory deficits.
Ipsilaterally
Contralateral
Spinal Cordlesions will not have mental status or cranial nerve deficits. The side and presentation is dependent on the tracts involved and their crossing patterns (_____lateral except ______tract )
Ipsilateral
Lateral spinothalamic
Cerebellar is Involved in coordinating (involuntary/voluntary?)
movements
Voluntary
Disease of the cerebellar system will cause
uncoordinated motor movements; gait & stance, clumsy movements, past pointing, intention tremors, ataxia (visual, speech, gait, limbs, trunk),
nystagmus.
Cerebellar Tracts (cross or do not cross?)
The tracts are (2)?
Do not cross
Ventral and Dorsal SpinoCerebellar Tracts (VSCT & DSCT)
What is cerebellar disturbances of stance and gait called?
Cerebellar ataxia
What is dysmetria? What part of CNS is involved?
inability tracking a moving target; past pointing.
Cerebellum
What kind of tremors are associated with cerebellum?
Intention tremor
What is dysdiadochokinesia? What part of CNS is involved?
incoordination in performing rapidly
alternating movements.
Cerebellum
