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Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

Anaemia

causes

A
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2
Q

Anaemia

differentials

A
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3
Q

Arthritis

differentials

A
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4
Q

Ascites

differential

A
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5
Q

Cardiac failure

differentials

A
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6
Q

Cardiac mumur location

differential

A
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7
Q

Cardiac mumur

differential

A
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8
Q

Cerebral palsy

differentials

A

Birth insult: hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, prematurity (PVL)

Structural: cerebral malformation

Infection: TORCH, encephalitis, meningitis, MELAS

Vascular: malformation, stroke (ischaemic, haem)

Trauma: TBI, birth trauma

Toxin: kernicterus

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9
Q

Cardiac summary

A
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10
Q

CKD

differentials

A

congenital renal anomalies (57%)

  • obstructive uropathy
  • renal aplasia/hypoplasia/dysplasia
  • reflux nephropathy
  • PCKD

glomerular disease (17%)

  • FSGS

other (25%)

  • HUS
  • genetic (cystinosis, hereditary nephritis)
  • interstitial nephritis
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11
Q

Coagulopathy

differentials

A
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12
Q

Congenital heart disease

differential

A
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13
Q

CP

subtypes

A
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14
Q

Cranial nerve palsies

differential

A
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15
Q

Cushing’s

differential

A
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16
Q

Delayed puberty

differentials

A
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17
Q

Developmental delay

differentials

A

C ME SIT

Cerebral malformations: neuronal migration disorders/Cerebral palsy

Metabolic: PKU, MCAD, urea cycle disorders

Endocrine: hypothyroidism/Environmental: neglect, abuse

Syndrome/genetic: T21, Angelman’s, Rett’s, TS, NF

Infections: TORCH, meningitis

Toxins: maternal alcohol/drug use, lead/Traumatic: TBI

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18
Q

Eyes issues

differentials

A
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19
Q

Facial paralysis

differentials

A

Neoplastic: central, parotic or acoustic tumours, leukaemia

Bell’s palsy/GBS

Infection/Ischaemia: OM, Lyme disease, viral (VZV, HSV, EBV), mycoplasma, mastoiditis

Trauma: birth, temporal bone fracture, swelling facial nerve, surgery

Congenital: moebius, vascular anomaly, Goldenhar

Hypertension

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20
Q

Floppy infant

differentials

A
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21
Q

FTT

differentials

A
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22
Q

Gait

differential

A
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23
Q

Generalised lymphadenopathy

differentials

A
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24
Q

Glomerulonephritis

differentials

A
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25
Goitre differentials
**Congenital** * inborn errors of thyroid production * transplacental Ab * maternal antithyroid medications * activating TSH receptor mutations * tumour: teratoma **Acquired** * Hashimoto's thyroiditis * colloid (AD) * iodine deficiency * acute suppurative thyroiditis * infiltrative: histiocytosis * grave's * toxic adenoma * thyroid cyst
26
Hemiplegia differentials
27
Hepatomegaly differentials
28
Hepatosplenomegaly causes
**C**onnective tissue: SLE **H**aem: myeloproliferative, leuk, lymph, sickle cell **I**nfection: viral, EBV, CMV **I**nfiltrative: amyloid/sarcoidosis **P**ortal HTN
29
Hydrocephalus differentials
**_Non-communicating (obstructive)_** **congenital:** * aquaductal stenosis * NT defects * Chiari malformations * arachnoid cysts **acquired** * CNS infection * tumours * trauma * haemorrhage Communicating e
30
Hypermobility differentials
**Fibrillin/TGF:** Marfan's **Collagen**: Ehler Danlos/Stickler syndrome/Osteogenesis Imp. **Elastin:** Pseudo xanthoma
31
Hypertension causes
32
Hypertension complications
33
Hypertension investigations
34
Hyperthyroidism differentials
35
Hypothyroidism differentials
36
Jaundice in child
37
Large kidney/s
38
Macrocephaly differentials
39
Marcus Gunn Pupil -relative afferent pupillary defect-
**Optic nerve (UNILATERAL ONLY):** * neuritis, ischemia, trauma, tumour, compression, infection, inflammation, atrophy **Retina:** * ischaemia, retinal detachment, retinal detachment, intraocular tumour **Amblyopia**
40
Metabolic liver disease differentials
41
Microcephaly differentials
42
Monocular blindness
**causes:** * amblyopia * trauma * congenital (globe anomaly) * nutritional (vitamin A Deficiency) * infective (toxoplasmosis)
43
Monocular diplopia
44
Nephrotic syndrome
45
Nephrotic versus Nephritic syndrome
46
Nystagmus localisation
47
Obesity differentials
48
Oculomotor palsies differential
49
Papilloedema differentials
50
Pleural effusion differential
51
Precocious puberty differentials
52
Precocious puberty differentials
53
Prematurity complications
54
Ptosis differential
**Congenital:** * dystrophic: mechanical/neuro defect * non dystrophic: simple **Acquired:** * neurogenic: CN III, Horner's, Marcus Gunn * myogenic: progressive external opthalmoplegia, MG * mechanical: lid tumours, lacerations * infections: encephalitis * syndromes: SWS, NG * drugs: vincristine
55
Ptosis differentials
56
Puberty investigations
57
Raised ICP differentials
58
Renal mass
59
Scoliosis differentials
60
Secondary hypertension
61
Short stature differentials
62
Splenomegaly differentials
63
Strabismus differentials
64
Stridor differentials
65
Tachypnoea differentials
66
Tall stature differentials
67
Thrombocytopaenia differentials
**Decreased production:** * bone marrow suppression * hereditary * Fanconi's anaemia/TAR syndrome/WAS * drugs, chemotherapy * infection **Increased destruction:** * DIC/HUS * ITP * immune mediated
68
Visual impairment
**cornea:** * clouding **lens:** * cataracts **iris:** * aniridia * coloboma **​choroid** * uveitis **retina:** * retinitis pigmentosa * rods/cone dystrophy * retinopathy of prematurity * albinism **optic nerve:** * optic atrophy/hypoplasia/ischaemia/compression * craniopharyngioma **cerebral:** * cortical insult: hydrocephalus, HIE, PVL * meningitis/encephalitis * amblyopia

Clinical Exam (16 decks)

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