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MBChB - Full Clinical Topics > Differentials > Flashcards

Differentials Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 differentials for epigastric pain?

A 
GORD
PUD
Pancreatitis
Gastritis
MI
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2
Q

Name 7 differentials for RUQ pain?

A 
Biliary colic
Cholecystitis
Ascending cholangitis
Hepatitis
Pancreatic cyst
Pancreatitis
Liver mets 
Pneumonia
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3
Q

Name 3 differentials for LUQ pain?

A

Pneumonia
Splenic rupture
Splenic infarct
Pancreatitis

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4
Q

Name 4 differentials for flank pain?

A

Renal colic
Renal carinoma (Triad haematuria, flank pain, abdo mass)
MSK
Pyelonephritis

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5
Q

Name 7 differentials for central or generalised abdo pain?

A 
Gastroenteritis 
Crohns
UC
IBS
LB obstruction
SB obstruction 
AAA
Menstrual cramps
Intussuception
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6
Q

Name 4 differentials for suprapubic pain?

A

UTI
Retension
PID
Fibroids

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7
Q

Name 4 differentials for RLQ pain?

A 
Appendicitis 
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian cyst
Ectopic pregnancy
Crohns
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8
Q

Name 5 differentials for LLQ pain?

A 
Diverticulitis
Ovarian torsion
Ovarian cyst
UC
Ectopic
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9
Q

Name 5 differentials for menorrhagia?

A 
Dysfunctional uterine bleed
Fibroids
Polyps
Endometriosis
Endometrial cancer
Adenomyosis (significant pain and bulky, tender uterus)
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10
Q

Name 3 differentials for primary amenorrhoea?

A
  • Constitutional delay
  • Malformations (imperforate hymen?)
  • Hyperprolactinaemia
    If no 2ndy characteristics:
  • Ovarian failure
  • Hypothalamic failure
  • Other HPA failure (pituitary tumour etc)
    + ALL CAUSES OF SECONDARY AMMENORRHOEA
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11
Q

Name 5 differentials for secondary amenorrhoea?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Menopause/ premature ovarian failure
  • Contraception (depot, implant, POP and mirena)
    PCOS
  • Rapid weight loss
  • Hyperprolactinaemia
  • Thyroid disease
  • Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
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12
Q

Name 5 differentials for lower back pain?

A 
MSK
Disc prolapse 
Sciatica 
Cancers (myeloma or metastasis)
Fracture or vertebral collapse 
Inflammatory (Ank spond, PsA, reactive arthritis)
Infection (Osteomyelitis)
Non-spinal column (AAA, dissection, pancreatitis, DU, kidneys)
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13
Q

Name 10 differentials for chest pain?

A 
ACS / angina
Pericarditis/ tamponade
Valve disease (aortic stenosis)
GORD/ PUD
Aortic dissection 
PE
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Costocondritis 
Anxiety
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14
Q

Name 7 differentials for TATT?

A 
Sleep disorders/ insomina
Depression
Anaemia (IDA most common)
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism 
Malignancy 
Infective causes (EBV, influenza etc)
Chronic disease
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15
Q

Name 5 differentials for haemoptysis?

A 
Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolus
Malignancy (primary or mets)
Lung abscess
Tuberculosis 
(Heart failure - pink frothy)
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16
Q

Name 3 differentials for a non-painful red eye?

A
  • Conjunctivitis (Allergic, viral, bacterial)
  • Episcleritis - mild discomfort, no symptoms
  • Subconjunctival haemorrhage (possibly from trauma, asymptomatic)
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17
Q

Name 5 differentials of a painful red eye?

A
  • Acute angle closure glaucoma (halo’s, photophobia, N+V
  • Acute anterior uveitis (photophobia + blurred vision)
  • Scleritis (boring eye pain, gradual onset + progressive)
  • Keratitis (photophobia and foreign body sensation)
  • Trauma (i.e. corneal abrasion)
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18
Q

Name 4 differentials for a sudden painless loss of vision?

A
  • Central retinal artery occlusion
  • Central retinal vein occlusion
  • Retinal detachment (curtain or veil coming down)
  • Vitreous haemorrhage (sudden floaters then loss)
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19
Q

Name 2 differentials for sudden painful visual loss?

A
  • Acute angle closure glaucoma (painful, red eye, halo’s, photophobia, headache, N+V)
  • Ischemic optic neuropathy (sub-acute symptoms for days prior)
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20
Q

Name 5 differentials for slow onset visual loss?

A
  • AMD (Worse central vision, straight lines become curvy)
  • Cataracts (blurred vision, glare at night, decreased colours)
  • Glaucoma (peripheral visual loss)
  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Retinitis pigmentosa (night blindness + tunnel vision)
21
Q

Name 5 possible causes of infertility?

A 
Unexplained (20%)
Ovulatory disorders (25% - PCOS, POF)
Tubal damage (20% - i.e. adhesions)
Male factory (25%)
Endometriosis (5%)
Uterine disorders (5%)
22
Q

Name 4 differentials for a post-coital bleed?

A 
Infection
Cervical ectropion 
Cervical/ endometrial polyp
Cervical cancer
Vaginal cancer
Trauma
23
Q

Name 4 differentials for an intermenstrual bleed?

A

Hormonal (i.e. younger woman on pill)
Polyp
PID
Fibroids

24
Q

Name 3 differentials for a post-menopausal bleed?

A

Endometrial cancer
Atrophic vaginitis

Vaginal cancer
Cervical cancer
Polyps
Endometrial hyperplasia

25
Q

4 differentials for a bilateral hearing loss?

A

Wax
Noise induced
Presbycusis
Chemo/ vascular/ infective (syphillis)

26
Q

Give 7 differentials for a conductive hearing loss?

A 
Wax
Foreign body
Otitis media
Otitis externa
Otosclerosis
Tympanic membrance perf
Cholesteatoma
27
Q

Name 4 differentials for sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • Noise induced
  • Presbycusis (higher frequencies)
  • Meniere’s (recurrent episodes)
  • Labyrinthitis (acute onset vertigo with N+V)
28
Q

Name 5 differentials for vaginal discharge?

A
  • Candida
  • Bacterial vaginosis (fishy, thin, white/grey)
    STI’s
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhoea
  • Trichomonas (yellow/ green and frothy, strawberry cervix)
  • Cervical cancer/ ectropion
29
Q

Name 5 differentials for unintended weight loss?

A 
Malignancy 
Hyperthyroid
Pancreatic insufficiency 
Coeliac
IBD
Depression/ anxiety 
Anorexia 
Dementia 
Infective
30
Q

Name 7 differentials for an acute onset SOB?

A 
Asthma exacerbation
COPD exacerbation
Pneumonia
Pnuemothorax
PE
ACS/ angina
Panic attack 
Dissection/ ruptured AAA
31
Q

Name 5 differentials for gradual onset SOB?

A 
COPD
Heart failure 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pleural effusion (possibly due to tumour)
Anaemia
32
Q

Name 7 differentials of a child presenting SOB?

A 
Asthma/ viral induced wheeze
Bronchiolitis
Croup
Whooping Cough
Sepsis
Foreign body
Allergic reaction
DKA
Cardiac failure
33
Q

Name 5 differentials for a bruised child?

A
  • NAI
  • Haemalogical malignancy (ALL)
  • Vasculitis (kawasaki)
  • Clotting (haemophillia, VWD)
  • ITP/ drug induced thrombocytopenia
  • Vit C/ vit K deficiency
34
Q

Name 7 differentials for an adult with a headache?

A
  • Tension headache
  • Migraine
  • Sinusitis
  • Medication overuse/ withdrawal
  • Cluster headache
  • Raised ICP (incl tumour)
  • SAH
  • Meningitis
  • GCA/ TN/ AACG
35
Q

Name 5 differentials of dizziness?

A
  • BPPV (seconds, posture big trigger)
  • Meniere’s (min to hours, some hearing loss, tinnitus etc)
  • Labrinthitis (days, hearing loss, N+V)
  • Vestibular neuritis (as labrinthitis but w/o hearing loss)
  • Syncope/ orthostatic hypotension
  • Alcohol/ drugs
  • Cerebellar pathology
36
Q

Name 5 differentials of a chronic cough?

A 
Smokers cough
Asthma
GORD
Chronic bronchitis/ COPD
Lung Ca
Interstitial lung disease 
Upper airway cough syndrome
37
Q

Name 5 differentials of leg pain in a 60year old male?

A 
Intermittent claudication (PAD)
Soft tissue injury
DVT
Varicose veins
Sciatica 
MSK (fracture/ arthritis)
38
Q

A child presents with a rash on the back of the legs, name 4 differentials?

A

HSP
Meningococcal septicaemia
ITP
Haemolytic uremic syndrome

39
Q

Name 5 differentials for dyspepsia?

A 
GORD
Hiatus hernia
DU (+/- h.pylori infection)
GU (+/- h.pylori infection)
Gastric/ duodenal malignancy
Coronary artery disease
40
Q

Name 7 differentials for dysphagia?

A 
Pharyngitis/ tonsillitis < short course, associated syx
GORD
Stroke
Oesophageal spasm < intermittent and non-progressive, indistinguishable from cardiac pain
Oestophageal candiasis < look for RF's
Malignancy 
Achalasia
Pharyngeal pouch - Regurg, hallitosis
41
Q

Name 5 differentials for joint pain?

A

Inflammatory arthritis (RA, PsA, reactive etc)
Osteoarthritis
Crystal (gout or pseudogout)
Septic arthritis
Soft tissue injury (Sprain (ligaments) or muscle injury)

42
Q

Name 4 differentials for ear pain?

A

Otitis media
Otitis externa
Cholesteatoma (hearing loss, discharge refractory to AB’s)
Labrinthitis (vertigo, hearing loss, N+V)
Mastoiditis
TMJ dysfunction

43
Q

Name 4 differentials for incontinence of urine?

A

Stress incontinence
Urge incontinence/ OAB
UTI
Urogential fistula

44
Q

Name 4 differentials for incontinence of faeces?

A

Infective diarrhoea
IBD
Cauda equina syndrome
Colorectal cancer

45
Q

Name 5 differentials of low mood?

A 
Depression
Bipolar or cyclothymic disorder
Medical (hypothyroid, diabetes)
Substance misuse 
Anxiety 
Pyschosis
46
Q

Name 7 differentials for memory loss?

A 
Alzeimers dementia
Vascular dementia
Lewy body dementia
Traumatic brain injury
Hypothyroid 
Stroke/ hypoxic injury 
B12 deficiency
Encephalopathy
47
Q

Name 5 differentials for a rectal bleed?

A 
UC/ Crohns
Diverticular disease
Haemorrhoids 
Colorectal or anal cancer
Anal fissue
Colonic polyps
48
Q

Name 5 differentials for pelvic pain?

A 
Menstruation related
Endometriosis
Adenomyosis (typically after pregnancy)
Adhesions (typically after surgery)
Chronic PID
IBS
49
Q

Name 5 differentials of palpitations?

A 
Cardiac:
- AF/ atrial flutter
- Other SVT (AVNRT, woolf parkinson white)
- Ectopic beats
None-cardiac:
- Hyperthyroid
- Alcohol/ caffeine 
- Anxiety

MBChB - Full Clinical Topics (23 decks)

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