Differentials Flashcards
1
Q
Name 5 differentials for epigastric pain?
A
GORD PUD Pancreatitis Gastritis MI
2
Q
Name 7 differentials for RUQ pain?
A
Biliary colic Cholecystitis Ascending cholangitis Hepatitis Pancreatic cyst Pancreatitis Liver mets Pneumonia
3
Q
Name 3 differentials for LUQ pain?
A
Pneumonia
Splenic rupture
Splenic infarct
Pancreatitis
4
Q
Name 4 differentials for flank pain?
A
Renal colic
Renal carinoma (Triad haematuria, flank pain, abdo mass)
MSK
Pyelonephritis
5
Q
Name 7 differentials for central or generalised abdo pain?
A
Gastroenteritis Crohns UC IBS LB obstruction SB obstruction AAA Menstrual cramps Intussuception
6
Q
Name 4 differentials for suprapubic pain?
A
UTI
Retension
PID
Fibroids
7
Q
Name 4 differentials for RLQ pain?
A
Appendicitis Ovarian torsion Ovarian cyst Ectopic pregnancy Crohns
8
Q
Name 5 differentials for LLQ pain?
A
Diverticulitis Ovarian torsion Ovarian cyst UC Ectopic
9
Q
Name 5 differentials for menorrhagia?
A
Dysfunctional uterine bleed Fibroids Polyps Endometriosis Endometrial cancer Adenomyosis (significant pain and bulky, tender uterus)
10
Q
Name 3 differentials for primary amenorrhoea?
A
- Constitutional delay
- Malformations (imperforate hymen?)
- Hyperprolactinaemia
If no 2ndy characteristics: - Ovarian failure
- Hypothalamic failure
- Other HPA failure (pituitary tumour etc)
+ ALL CAUSES OF SECONDARY AMMENORRHOEA
11
Q
Name 5 differentials for secondary amenorrhoea?
A
- Pregnancy
- Menopause/ premature ovarian failure
- Contraception (depot, implant, POP and mirena)
PCOS - Rapid weight loss
- Hyperprolactinaemia
- Thyroid disease
- Intrauterine adhesions (Asherman’s syndrome)
12
Q
Name 5 differentials for lower back pain?
A
MSK Disc prolapse Sciatica Cancers (myeloma or metastasis) Fracture or vertebral collapse Inflammatory (Ank spond, PsA, reactive arthritis) Infection (Osteomyelitis) Non-spinal column (AAA, dissection, pancreatitis, DU, kidneys)
13
Q
Name 10 differentials for chest pain?
A
ACS / angina Pericarditis/ tamponade Valve disease (aortic stenosis) GORD/ PUD Aortic dissection PE Pneumonia Pneumothorax Costocondritis Anxiety
14
Q
Name 7 differentials for TATT?
A
Sleep disorders/ insomina Depression Anaemia (IDA most common) Diabetes Hypothyroidism Malignancy Infective causes (EBV, influenza etc) Chronic disease
15
Q
Name 5 differentials for haemoptysis?
A
Pneumonia Pulmonary embolus Malignancy (primary or mets) Lung abscess Tuberculosis (Heart failure - pink frothy)
16
Q
Name 3 differentials for a non-painful red eye?
A
- Conjunctivitis (Allergic, viral, bacterial)
- Episcleritis - mild discomfort, no symptoms
- Subconjunctival haemorrhage (possibly from trauma, asymptomatic)
17
Q
Name 5 differentials of a painful red eye?
A
- Acute angle closure glaucoma (halo’s, photophobia, N+V
- Acute anterior uveitis (photophobia + blurred vision)
- Scleritis (boring eye pain, gradual onset + progressive)
- Keratitis (photophobia and foreign body sensation)
- Trauma (i.e. corneal abrasion)
18
Q
Name 4 differentials for a sudden painless loss of vision?
A
- Central retinal artery occlusion
- Central retinal vein occlusion
- Retinal detachment (curtain or veil coming down)
- Vitreous haemorrhage (sudden floaters then loss)
19
Q
Name 2 differentials for sudden painful visual loss?
A
- Acute angle closure glaucoma (painful, red eye, halo’s, photophobia, headache, N+V)
- Ischemic optic neuropathy (sub-acute symptoms for days prior)
20
Q
Name 5 differentials for slow onset visual loss?
A
- AMD (Worse central vision, straight lines become curvy)
- Cataracts (blurred vision, glare at night, decreased colours)
- Glaucoma (peripheral visual loss)
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinitis pigmentosa (night blindness + tunnel vision)
21
Q
Name 5 possible causes of infertility?
A
Unexplained (20%) Ovulatory disorders (25% - PCOS, POF) Tubal damage (20% - i.e. adhesions) Male factory (25%) Endometriosis (5%) Uterine disorders (5%)
22
Q
Name 4 differentials for a post-coital bleed?
A
Infection Cervical ectropion Cervical/ endometrial polyp Cervical cancer Vaginal cancer Trauma
23
Q
Name 4 differentials for an intermenstrual bleed?
A
Hormonal (i.e. younger woman on pill)
Polyp
PID
Fibroids
24
Q
Name 3 differentials for a post-menopausal bleed?
A
Endometrial cancer
Atrophic vaginitis
Vaginal cancer
Cervical cancer
Polyps
Endometrial hyperplasia
25
4 differentials for a bilateral hearing loss?
Wax
Noise induced
Presbycusis
Chemo/ vascular/ infective (syphillis)
26
Give 7 differentials for a conductive hearing loss?
```
Wax
Foreign body
Otitis media
Otitis externa
Otosclerosis
Tympanic membrance perf
Cholesteatoma
```
27
Name 4 differentials for sensorineural hearing loss?
- Noise induced
- Presbycusis (higher frequencies)
- Meniere's (recurrent episodes)
- Labyrinthitis (acute onset vertigo with N+V)
28
Name 5 differentials for vaginal discharge?
- Candida
- Bacterial vaginosis (fishy, thin, white/grey)
STI's
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhoea
- Trichomonas (yellow/ green and frothy, strawberry cervix)
- Cervical cancer/ ectropion
29
Name 5 differentials for unintended weight loss?
```
Malignancy
Hyperthyroid
Pancreatic insufficiency
Coeliac
IBD
Depression/ anxiety
Anorexia
Dementia
Infective
```
30
Name 7 differentials for an acute onset SOB?
```
Asthma exacerbation
COPD exacerbation
Pneumonia
Pnuemothorax
PE
ACS/ angina
Panic attack
Dissection/ ruptured AAA
```
31
Name 5 differentials for gradual onset SOB?
```
COPD
Heart failure
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pleural effusion (possibly due to tumour)
Anaemia
```
32
Name 7 differentials of a child presenting SOB?
```
Asthma/ viral induced wheeze
Bronchiolitis
Croup
Whooping Cough
Sepsis
Foreign body
Allergic reaction
DKA
Cardiac failure
```
33
Name 5 differentials for a bruised child?
- NAI
- Haemalogical malignancy (ALL)
- Vasculitis (kawasaki)
- Clotting (haemophillia, VWD)
- ITP/ drug induced thrombocytopenia
- Vit C/ vit K deficiency
34
Name 7 differentials for an adult with a headache?
- Tension headache
- Migraine
- Sinusitis
- Medication overuse/ withdrawal
- Cluster headache
- Raised ICP (incl tumour)
- SAH
- Meningitis
- GCA/ TN/ AACG
35
Name 5 differentials of dizziness?
- BPPV (seconds, posture big trigger)
- Meniere's (min to hours, some hearing loss, tinnitus etc)
- Labrinthitis (days, hearing loss, N+V)
- Vestibular neuritis (as labrinthitis but w/o hearing loss)
- Syncope/ orthostatic hypotension
- Alcohol/ drugs
- Cerebellar pathology
36
Name 5 differentials of a chronic cough?
```
Smokers cough
Asthma
GORD
Chronic bronchitis/ COPD
Lung Ca
Interstitial lung disease
Upper airway cough syndrome
```
37
Name 5 differentials of leg pain in a 60year old male?
```
Intermittent claudication (PAD)
Soft tissue injury
DVT
Varicose veins
Sciatica
MSK (fracture/ arthritis)
```
38
A child presents with a rash on the back of the legs, name 4 differentials?
HSP
Meningococcal septicaemia
ITP
Haemolytic uremic syndrome
39
Name 5 differentials for dyspepsia?
```
GORD
Hiatus hernia
DU (+/- h.pylori infection)
GU (+/- h.pylori infection)
Gastric/ duodenal malignancy
Coronary artery disease
```
40
Name 7 differentials for dysphagia?
```
Pharyngitis/ tonsillitis < short course, associated syx
GORD
Stroke
Oesophageal spasm < intermittent and non-progressive, indistinguishable from cardiac pain
Oestophageal candiasis < look for RF's
Malignancy
Achalasia
Pharyngeal pouch - Regurg, hallitosis
```
41
Name 5 differentials for joint pain?
Inflammatory arthritis (RA, PsA, reactive etc)
Osteoarthritis
Crystal (gout or pseudogout)
Septic arthritis
Soft tissue injury (Sprain (ligaments) or muscle injury)
42
Name 4 differentials for ear pain?
Otitis media
Otitis externa
Cholesteatoma (hearing loss, discharge refractory to AB's)
Labrinthitis (vertigo, hearing loss, N+V)
Mastoiditis
TMJ dysfunction
43
Name 4 differentials for incontinence of urine?
Stress incontinence
Urge incontinence/ OAB
UTI
Urogential fistula
44
Name 4 differentials for incontinence of faeces?
Infective diarrhoea
IBD
Cauda equina syndrome
Colorectal cancer
45
Name 5 differentials of low mood?
```
Depression
Bipolar or cyclothymic disorder
Medical (hypothyroid, diabetes)
Substance misuse
Anxiety
Pyschosis
```
46
Name 7 differentials for memory loss?
```
Alzeimers dementia
Vascular dementia
Lewy body dementia
Traumatic brain injury
Hypothyroid
Stroke/ hypoxic injury
B12 deficiency
Encephalopathy
```
47
Name 5 differentials for a rectal bleed?
```
UC/ Crohns
Diverticular disease
Haemorrhoids
Colorectal or anal cancer
Anal fissue
Colonic polyps
```
48
Name 5 differentials for pelvic pain?
```
Menstruation related
Endometriosis
Adenomyosis (typically after pregnancy)
Adhesions (typically after surgery)
Chronic PID
IBS
```
49
Name 5 differentials of palpitations?
```
Cardiac:
- AF/ atrial flutter
- Other SVT (AVNRT, woolf parkinson white)
- Ectopic beats
None-cardiac:
- Hyperthyroid
- Alcohol/ caffeine
- Anxiety
```
