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Differentials IM Flashcards

1
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NECK PAIN

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NECK PAIN

a. Cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy 
b. Injury/ Trauma/ Muscle Strain 
c. CVS/ Ca/ Infection
d. Polymyalgia Rheumatica
e. Rheumatoid Arthritis 
f. Psoriatic Arthritis 
g. Ankylosing spondylosis 
h. Fibromyalgia 
i. CFS
j. Dermatomyositis 
k. Recurrence of Cancer (for the case of mastectomy)
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2
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SYNCOPE

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SYNCOPE

  • Cerebrovascular causes (Seizures, TIA/Stroke, Migraine)
  • Cardiac Arrhythmia (HOCM, Aortic stenosis, aortic dissection)
  • Orthostatic hypotension (Polypharmacy)
  • Metabolic (Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia,
  • Vasovagal (long standing)
  • Situational/Positional/Reflex syncope (coughing, defecation, micturation
  • Autonomic reflex
  • Medications
  • Psychiatric causes
  • Unknown
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3
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEADACHE

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEADACHE 
	- Migraine 
	- Tension Headache
- cluster headache 
	- SOL 
	- SAH 
	- Somatization 
	- TA/PMR
	- Stroke
	- Infection 
		○ Meningitis 
		○ Encephalitis 
		○ Conjunctivitis 
		○ Sinusitis 
		○ Rhinitis 
		○ Otitis media 
	- Referred pain from toothache 
	- TMJ 
	- Psychogenic 
	PSYCH CAUSES 
	-SOMATIZATION DISORDER 
	-HYPOCHONDRIASIS 
	-ADJUSTMENT DISORDER 
	-DEPRESSION 
	-GAD
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4
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SYNCOPE

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SYNCOPE 
- CNS: Any cerebral vascular condition: 
	· Stroke
	· SAH
	· Injuries
	· Seizure Epilepsy and 
	· Migraine
	· Meningitis
	· Encephalitis 
- CVS: 
	· HOCM
	· Arrhythmias
	· Aortic stenosis
	·  WPW
	· prolonged QT
- Vasovagal: 
	· Micturitional Syncope
	· Positional Syncope
	· Cough Syncope
- Orthostatic Hypotension - polypharmacy 
- Metabolic: 
	· Low BSL and Low Oxygen.
- Drugs: 
	- Antipsychotics
	- Antidepressants
	- Anti HTN
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5
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SEIZURE

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF SEIZURE 
	- Provoked Seizure 
	- Unprovoked Seizure 
	- Epilepsy 
	- Brain tumor 
	- Brain Abscess 
	- Head trauma 
	- Infection 
		○ Meningitis 
		○ Encephalitis 
	- Metabolic 
		○ Hypoglycemia 
		○ Hyponatremia 
	- Alcohol 
	- Substance Abuse 
	- Psychiatric causes 
		○ Anxiety disorder 
		○ Panic disorder
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6
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BLOCKED NOSE RUNNY NOSE

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BLOCKED NOSE RUNNY NOSE

- Allergic rhinitis 
- Asthma 
- URTI 
- Pneumonia 
- GORD 
- Sinusitis 
- Drug induced 
- Foreign body
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7
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THIRST

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THIRST 
	- Medication - Alcohol, Amitriptyline, Diuretics 
	- Infection 
		○ Diarrhea 
	- Significant 
		○ Diabetes Mellitus 
		○ Diabetes Insipidus 
		○ Thyrotoxicosis
		○ GI bleeding 
		○ Ruptured ectopic 
		○ Trauma 
	- Mild/Insignificant 
		○ Hypercalcemia 
		○ Hyperparathyroidism 
		○ Excessive salt intake 
	- Psychiatry 
		○ Anxiety do
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8
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE CHEST PAIN

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE CHEST PAIN 
	- CVS 
		○ Myocardial Infarction 
		○ Angina 
		○ Pericarditis 
		○ Aortic Stenosis 
		○ Aortic Dissection 
		○ Heart failure 
	- Pulmo 
		○ Pneumothorax 
		○ Pulmonary Embolism 
		○ Atypical Pneumonia 
	- GI 
		○ GORD 
	- Immune 
		○ Herpes Zoster 
- muscle 
       Costochondritis 
	- Psych 
		○ Panic Disorder
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9
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE SOB

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE SOB

- Pneumothorax 
- Pulmonary Embolism 
- Panic disorder 
- Acute coronary syndrome 
- Pneumonia 
- Pulmonary Atelectasis 
- Pulmonary fibrosis 
- COPD 
- Asthma 
- Lung cancer 
- OLD 
- GERD
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10
Q

Differential Diagnosis RUQ/Dark urine/ Jaundice/ Fever

A

Differential Diagnosis RUQ/Dark urine/ Jaundice/ Fever

- Hepatitis 
- Stricture 
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- Pancreatic cancer 
- Cystic Duct Syndrome (except for jaundice)
- Residual stone causing Cholangitis 
- Post-cholecystectomy syndrome
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11
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF JAUNDICE 
	- Hepatitis 
		○ ABC
		○ Alcoholic 
		○ Drug induced 
	- Gallstone
	- Liver Cirrhosis
	- Infection 
		○ Cholangitis 
		○ Septicemia 
		○ HIV /AIDS
	- Cancer 
		○ Liver Mets
		○ Pancreatic 
		○ Cholangiocarcinoma 
		○ Hepatoma 
	- Medication 
		○ Paracetamol overdose
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12
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RUQ PAIN

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF RUQ PAIN

- Acute cholecystitis 
- Biliary colic 
- Hepatitis 
- Pancreatitis 
- Lower lobe pneumonia 
- Pyelonephritis 
- Trauma
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13
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DARK URINE /HEMATURIA

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DARK URINE /HEMATURIA

- Diet   - UTI    - BPH    - Bladder cancer    - Stones 
- IgA Nephropathy   - PSGN 
- Renal cell carcinoma 
- Obstructive jaundice 
- PSGN
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14
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE DIARRHEA

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE DIARRHEA 
	- Infection 
		○ Acute gastroenteritis 
		○ Amoebiasis 
		○ Giardiasis 
		○ Salmonella 
	- IBD 
	- IBS 
	- Lactose intolerance 
	- Malabsorption - Celiac dse, Cystic fibrosis 
	- Medication - Pseudomembranous colitis 
	- Malignancy
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15
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FLANK PAIN

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FLANK PAIN

  • Ureteric colic
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Appendicitis
  • Cholecystitis
  • IBD
  • Trauma
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16
Q

Differential Diagnosis of Dysuria

A

Differential Diagnosis of Dysuria

  • Cystitis (loin / back pain and fever)
  • Pyelonephritis (fever + flank pain + chills)
  • Stones (loin to groin pain and hematuria)
  • Prostatitis (fever, pain, dysuria, history of unprotected sex)
  • Diabetes
  • BPH (flow of urine)
  • STDs
  • Foreign Body
  • Reiter syndrome (uveitis, arthritis, urethritis)
17
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BACK PAIN

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BACK PAIN
1-mechanical back pain (gradual onset, no neuro signs or symptoms, no recent minor injury)
2-sciatica (pain radiates down leg beyond knee)
3-cauda equine (severe pain, urine retention or incontinence, faecal incontinence, saddle paraesthesia, leg weakness).
4-fracture of vertebral body (sudden onset, trauma, steroid use, known osteoporosis, tenderness over vertebral body)
5-spinal canal stenosis (pain on walking, improves by bending)
6-ankylosing spondylitis (pain at rest)
7-abscess (immunosuppression, fever, worse at rest)
8-malignancy( LOW, LOA, worse at rest, sleep disturbed, persistent > 4 weeks)

18
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE PAIN

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF KNEE PAIN 
		○ Chondromalacia Patelli / Patellofemoral syndrome 
		○ Patellar Tendonitis 
		○ Meniscal Injury 
		○ ACL/PCL Injury
		○ Baker's cyst 
		○ Osteoarthritis
    ○ Osteomyelitis
		○ Psoriatic Arthritis
		○ Gout
		○ Rheumatoid Arthritis 
		○ Septic Arthritis
		○ Trauma 
		○ Malignancy
19
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LEG PAIN

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LEG PAIN 
Vascular/Nerve 
	- Peripheral Vascular Disease 
	- Deep Vein Thrombosis
  - Varicose veins 
  - Lymphagitis 
  - Sciatica 
  - Spinal canal stenosis

Muscular and Subcutaneous

- Muscle cramps 
- Exercise related pain - Muscular injury    - Cellulitis

Joints and bones

- Osteomyelitis 
- Septic arthritis  - Trauma   - Malignancy
20
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANKLE PAIN / FOOT PAIN

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANKLE PAIN / FOOT PAIN

- Acute and Chronic foot strain 
- Sprained ankle    - Plantar fascitis 
- Morton's neuroma 
- Achilles Tendinopathy    - Posterior tibialis Tendinopathy 
- Wart, corn or callus 
- Ingrown toenail 
- Fracture   - Osteomyelitis
- Osteoarthritis    - Psoriatic Arthritis    - Gout
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Septic Arthritis    - Trauma
21
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA

- Iron Deficiency Anemia 
- Thalassemia 
- Diet 
- Pregnancy - increased demand 
- Spacing of children 
- Infection 
- Bleeding disorder 
- Blood thinners 
- Malignancy - Leukemia and Lymphoma 
- Malabsorption - Celiac disease
22
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANXIOUSNESS

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANXIOUSNESS

- Hyperthyroidism 
- Pheochromocytoma 
- GAD
- Panic 
- Coffee 
- Infections
23
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROPATHY

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROPATHY 
	- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy 
	- Nutritional Peripheral neuropathy  - Alcohol, B12, Folate 
	- Nerve root pressure - sciatica, cervical spondylosis 
	- Nerve entrapment 
	- Neurotoxic drugs 
	- Vascular 
		○ CVA/TIA 
		○ PVD 
	- Infection 
	- Cancer 
	- CKD 
	- Trauma 
	- Hypocalcemia
24
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TIREDNESS

*HEMIFADOS

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF TIREDNESS 
	*HEMIFADOS
	H - Hemochromatosis, Hepatitis 
	E- Endocrine 
	M- Malignancy 
	I - Infection 
	F- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 
	A - Anemia 
	D- Depression/dementia
	O - OSA 
	S - Stress, Sleep deprivation
25
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF WEIGHTLOSS

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF WEIGHTLOSS

  • Endocrine: Hyperthyroidism, DM, adrenal insufficiency, Addison disease, hemochromatosis
  • Inflammatory/infection: Tuberculosis, Infective Endocarditis, HIV, abscess, hepatitis, chronic fungal or bacterial disease, atypical pneumonia
  • GI: Malabsorption, Coeliac disease, IBD
  • Cancers: lymphoma, stomach, pancreas, colon, Lung, prostate, renal, Liver
  • Severe heart, lung, or kidney disease leading to cachexia
  • Psychiatric disorders: depression, eating disorder
26
Q

DIFFERENTIALS DIAGNOSIS BASED ON CT

A
  • DIFFERENTIALS DIAGNOSIS BASED ON CT
  • Liver metastasis&raquo_space; primary could be stomach, colon, pancreas or lungs
  • Liver abscess
  • Liver Cyst
  • Liver Cancer
27
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF FACIAL PAIN

A 
• Ddx
		○ Trigeminal neuralgia
			• Maxillary and mandibular
		○ Herpes Zoster / Postherpetic neuralgia.
			• Rash
			• Rash on dermatomal levels - ocular
		○ Ramsay Hunt syndrome
		○ Persistent idiopathic facial pain.
		○ Temporomandibular disorders.
		○ Otitis (externa or media).
		○ Referred pain (eg, dental abscess).
		○ Carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
		○ Sinusitis
		○ Sialolith
28
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC SOB

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE SOB

- Pleural effusion  
- Pneumonia 
- Pulmonary Atelectasis 
- Pulmonary fibrosis 
- COPD 
- Asthma 
- Lung cancer 
- OLD    - Anemia 
- GERD
29
Q

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LLQ PAIN

A 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF LLQ PAIN 
	- Diverticulitis 
	- Diverticulosis 
	- Constipation 
	- Anal fissure 
	- Hemorrhoids 
	- Polyp 
	- Colon cancer 
	- IBD 
	- IBS 
	- UTI 
Gynecologic causes

Differentials (7 decks)

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