Diffusion, Cell Respiration, and Photosynthesis Flashcards
(18 cards)
Diffusion
The process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration gradient
Differences in concentrations across space
Equilibrium
When movement in one direction is matched my movement in the opposite direction (yielding, no net movement)
Permeable
A membrane that allows a particular substance to pass through it
Impermeable
A membrane that does not allow a particular substance to pass. (Bursts with too much water)
Semi-permeable
A membrane that allows some things to cross but not others.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water
Hypotonic
The concentration is lower on the outside of the cell
Hypertonic
The concentration is higher on the outside of the cell
Isotonic
The concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane
Passive transport
(No energy cost, with concentration gradient)
Two kinds:
-Simple diffusion: does not require a channel
-Facilitated diffusion: requires a protein to provide a pathway
Active transport
Requires ATP, without concentration gradient
Exocytosis
The cell pushes something out by sending a vesicle to the cell membrane and having the vesicle fuse with the cell membrane dumping it’s contents outside
Endocytosis
Two kinds:
-Phagocytosis- endocytosis of solid particles
-Pinocytosis- endocytosis of liquid
Cellular respiration
C6H12O6 +6CO2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
-Glycolysis - location: cytoplasm, cuts glucose in half (2 ATP)
-Kreb’s cycle - location: matrix, makes NADH (attaching H+ to carriers)(2 ATP)
-Electron Transport Chain - location: cristae, makes the H+ gradient, uses H+ gradient to make ATP (34 ATP)
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
-Light-dependent reaction - location: thylakoid/grana,
-Light-independent reaction - location: stroma,
Electrons absorb light energy
Light is absorbed by the atom which then moves the electrons. Light energy kicks off the electron transport chain.
Why is there O2 left over?
The plants cannot store all of the O2 in their cells
