DIg syst 2 Part 1 and 2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
alimentary canal parts
foregut
midgut
hindgut
• Foregut
Cranial and caudal portion.
The cranial portion gives rise to the oral structures and the respiratory system.
The caudal portion gives rise to the liver, gall bladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas and the cranial portion of the duodenum.
• Midgut
Gives rise to the caudal portion of the duodenum, hilum (part where the blood vessels and nerves enter an organ), cecum, ascending colon and half of the transverse colon.
• Hindgut
Gives rise to the other half of the transverse colon, rectum, anus, descending colon and part of the urogenital system.
• Mesentery
Fixes the digestive tube to the abdominal cavity, comes from the mesoderm
• Dorsal mesentery
Forms the greater curvature
• Ventral mesentery
Forms the lesser curvature
polygastric stomach
Birds and ruminants
the greater curvature gives rise to the rumen, a part of the abomasum and the reticulum. The lesser gives rise to a part of the abomasum and omasum.
Congenital disorders
Stenosis Atresia Umbilical hernia Megaesophagus or megacolon Urorectical fistula
Urorectical fistula
An abnormal communication between two structures. They can be Rectovesical (communication between rectum and urinary bladder), rectovestibular (communication between the rectum and the vagina) or rectourethral (communication between the rectum and the urethra)
Megaesophagus or megacolon
Abnormal widening of the esophagus or the colon
Umbilical hernia
Defect in the abdominal wall that allows passage of abdominal organs going through the defect and out.
Atresia
No development of an opening. Can be either anal atresia (no development of the anus) or rectal atresia (there is no communication between the rectum and urethra).
Stenosis
Narrowing of any digestive tube, leads to difficulties for food to pass this specific tract.
esophagus
muscular tube between the pharynx and the stomach. It starts at the cricoid cartilage of the larynx and ends at the cardia (beginning) of the stomach
three different curves:
- Cranial curve of the esophagus
- Entrance of the thoracic cavity
- Over the base of the heart
three parts
- Cervical portion = Neck part, dorsally to the trachea
- Thoracic portion = Inside the thoracic cavity, inside the mediastinum
- Abdominal portion = The shortest portion, goes from the diaphragm into the stomach.
3 different kinds of physiological stenosis on the esophagus
- In the entrance of the thoracic cavity
- Over the base of the heart
- When it crosses the esophageal hiatus
Vascularization of
The esophagus
The esophagus is vascularized by the cranial and caudal thyroid artery (cervical portion of the esophagus). They are branches of the common carotid artery.
The thoracic portion is mainly vascularized by the bronco esophageal artery and a tiny portion is vascularized by the intercostal artery. All are branches from the thoracic aorta.
The abdominal portion is vascularized by the left gastric artery.
Innervation of the esophagus
vagus nerve and the vagosympathetic trunk
• Interperitoneal organs
Organs fixed to the roof of the abdominal cavity by the visceral peritoneum. For example the intestines
• Retroperitoneal organs•
Organs fixed to the dorsal surface of the abdominal cavity directly (not through the visceral peritoneum). For example the kidneys.
peritoneum + 2part
sac surrounding the abdominal cavity
The parietal peritoneum surrounds the inner surface of the abdominal wall and the visceral peritoneum surrounds the abdominal organs. Between them we find the peritoneum cavity
Monocavitary stomach
There is only one cavity. It can be classified further into:
- Simple: One type of mucosa, a glandular mucosa. Common in carnivores
• Compound: Two types of mucosa. Glandular and a tegementry mucosa, example in pigs and horses.
Tegementary mucosa has a mechanical function and glandular mucosa secretes HCl