Digestion

Question 1

Where does everything you eat go?

Answer 1

into your gut, or alimentary canal

Question 2

What happens inside your gut?

Answer 2

big food molecules are broken down to make smaller molecules your body can use such as glucose. These molecules pass into your blood, which carries them to every cell.

Question 3

What does mechanical digestion do?

Answer 3

it makes large food molecules easier to break down later.

Question 4

What does saliva contain?

Answer 4

an enzyme that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones (chemical digestion)

Question 5

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 5

A long tube that winds its way from your mouth to your rectum.

Question 6

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 6

When solid lumps of food are broken down into smaller pieces through physical movement such as your teeth. This also happens in your gut (process of peristalsis).

Question 7

What is a catalyst?

Answer 7

Chemicals that speed up chemical reactions without being used or changed. Biological catalysts are made up of living things.

Question 8

What does emulsifies (fat) mean?

Answer 8

Breaks (fat) into smaller droplets.

Question 9

What does denatured mean?

Answer 9

When an enzyme’s unique active site is disrupted and the substrate can no longer bind with the enzyme.

Question 10

What does active site mean?

Answer 10

The unique shape of an enzyme where molecules are broken down.

Question 11

How does saliva make food easier to swallow?

Answer 11

it is very slippery

Question 12

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 12

the breaking down of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules by enzymes & using water, acids or alkalis.

Question 13

What is an enzyme?

Answer 13

Protein that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up

Question 14

What does your stomach blend each meal with?

Answer 14

acid and enzyme

Question 15

What is the acid in your stomach?

Answer 15

hydrochloric acid

Question 16

What does the hydrochloric acid in your stomach do?

Answer 16

it destroys microbes in your stomach while the enzyme (protease) begins the digestion of protein

Question 17

What happens when your food is a smooth paste?

Answer 17

your stomach squeezes it out into your small intestine bit by bit

Question 18

What is the longest part of your gut?

Answer 18

small intestine

Question 19

Where are most large food molecules broken down?

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

What do the walls of the small intestine do?

Answer 20

they squeeze food along and mix it with more enzymes that come from the pancreas

Question 21

Where do small molecules pass through in the small intestine?

Answer 21

they are passed through the small intestine walls into your bloodstream, where you can use them

Question 22

What is left when the food reaches the large intestine?

Answer 22

fibre

Question 23

What is the large intestine full of?

Answer 23

bacteria that feed on the fibre and produce important vitamins that we can absorb

Question 24

What do the large intestine walls do?

Answer 24

they absorb water from the bloodstream and use it to turn the mixture of fibre and bacteria into a solid waste called faeces (poop). It’s stored in your rectum until you are ready to excrete in the toilet 💩.

Question 25

What would happen without enzymes?

Answer 25

most chemical reactions in your body would be too slow to keep you alive

Question 26

What is the enzyme in saliva called?

Answer 26

amylase- it’s a type of carbohydrase because it breaks down starch

Question 27

How does chewing food help enzymes?

Answer 27

it gives enzymes a larger surface area to work on, but fat molecules stick together in large globules

Question 28

What happens as food enters the small intestine?

Answer 28

it mixes with bile from the gallbladder. Bile emulsifies fat

Question 29

How does emulsifying fat help enzymes?

Answer 29

Emulsifying fat makes it easier for enzymes to work on since it has a larger surface area

Question 30

How can enzymes be denatured?

Answer 30

by extreme temperatures and extreme pH values away from the optimum

Question 31

What does optimum pH mean?

Answer 31

the pH at which enzymes work best

Question 32

What is the order your food travels up the alimentary canal?

Answer 32

1. mouth 2. esophagus/gullet 3. stomach 4. small intestine 5. large intestine 6.rectum/anus

Question 33

What are the five stages of digestion?

Answer 33

1. Ingestion- taking food into your body . 2. Digestion- breaking food down into smaller soluble molecules. 3. Absorption- taking in small, soluble molecules into the bloodstream. 4. Assimilation – using the nutrients to build new cells for growth and repair. 5. Egestion – the removal of waste products.

Question 34

Where does the enzyme go in an equation?

Answer 34

on top of the arrow

Question 35

What are the types of enzymes

Answer 35

amylase- from large insoluble starch to small soluble glucose (carbohydrates) protease- from large insoluble proteins to small soluble amino acids (proteins) lipase- from large insoluble fats to small soluble fatty acids and glycerol (fat)

Question 36

What is villi?

Answer 36

Villi in small intestine with wall 1 cell thick and microvilli to increase surface area to absorb small soluble molecules into blood (glucose and amino acids) and lacteal (glycerol and fatty acids).

Question 37

What is the pH in the mouth?

Answer 37

pH 7 (neutral)

Question 38

What is the pH in the stomach?

Answer 38

pH 3 (acidic)

Question 39

What is the pH in the small intestine?

Answer 39

pH 11 (alkaline)

Question 40

What were enzymes used for before people knew what they were?

Answer 40

Enzymes were used for thousands of years in turning milk into cheese

Question 41

How can enzymes turn milk to cheese?

Answer 41

by adding plant juices or animal stomach juices to the milk. (the juices have protease in them, and pure protease made by bacteria allowed much more cheese to be made.)

Question 42

Where did we used to get starch from? And where do we get it from now?

Answer 42

We used to get starch from fruit, honey, sugar cane or sugar beet but nowadays, most sugar in processed foods comes from corn starch because it’s much cheaper.

Question 43

What happens to these foods after the effect of lipase? Bread Dairy foods Drinks Sauces Meat / fish Health foods

Answer 43

Lasts longer / tastes better. Improves taste. Improved aroma (smell). Smoother texture. Fat removal. Adds essential fatty acids.

Question 44

Does the temperature have an impact on enzymes?

Answer 44

As temperature increases from 0◦C to 40 ◦C rate increases. Our body temperature is 37◦C so it is the ideal temperature or optimum temperature where it works best.

Question 45

What happens if the temperature is too hot, too cold, oroptimum for enzymes?

Answer 45

Too cold – enzymes are slow Optimum -enzymes work best Too hot – enzymes denature and stop working.

Question 46

What happens if an enzyme isn't at its optimum pH

Answer 46

Enzymes’ active sites can change shape if the pH changes and so the substrate won’t fit and no reaction. The enzyme is denatured and stops working. Each enzyme has an optimum pH where it works best and a range in which they work

Question 47

What is another word for your gut?

Answer 47

alimentary canal

Question 48

what travels in a long thin tube from your mouth to your rectum?

Answer 48

Your gut

Question 49

What are two examples of mechanical digestion?

Answer 49

mouth and teeth

Question 50

What is an example of chemical digestion?

Answer 50

the enzyme that breaks down food in the saliva

Question 51

What word means muscle contractions?

Answer 51

peristalsis

Question 52

meaning of ingestion?

Answer 52

taking food into body

Question 53

Meaning of Digestion?

Answer 53

breaking down food into small soluble molecules

Question 54

meaning of absorption?

Answer 54

using the nutrients to build new cells for growth and tissue repair

Question 55

Meaning of assimilation?

Answer 55

using the nutrients to build new cells for growth and tissue repair

Question 56

meaning of egestion?

Answer 56

the removal of waste products

Question 57

What does the large intestine absorb?

Answer 57

water

Question 58

Which two foods have already started to be broken down before they enter the small intestine?

Answer 58

carbohydrates and proteins

Question 59

What are the tiny structures in the small intestine called?

Answer 59

vili ( vilus )

Question 60

Where is starch digested?

Answer 60

mouth and small intestine

Question 61

Where is protein digested?

Answer 61

stomach and small intestine

Question 62

Where is fat digested?

Answer 62

small intestine