Plants

Question 1

What is biomass?

Answer 1

the mass of living material in an area

Question 2

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 2

the reaction plants use to make their own food from carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

What are palisade cells?

Answer 3

It is where most photosynthesis takes place. It is located near the top of the leaf.

Question 4

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 4

Plenty of them are found in palisade cells. They absorb light energy.

Question 5

What is a xylem?

Answer 5

a hollow tube that water and minerals travel along in a plant

Question 6

What are stomata?

Answer 6

Tiny pores on the underside of leaves through which Carbon Dioxide from the air diffuses into the leaf.

Question 7

What is spongy mesophyll?

Answer 7

Layer at the bottom of the leaf that makes it easy for gases to circulate.

Question 8

What does wilt mean?

Answer 8

When a plant’s stem and leaves drop because they cannot support themselves without water.

Question 9

What does turgid mean?

Answer 9

When a plant is kept firm and rigid by vacuoles pushing against its cell walls.

Question 10

What is transpiration?

Answer 10

The flow of water through a plant.

Question 11

What are guard cells?

Answer 11

Two of them surround each stomata.

Question 12

What reaction do plants use?

Answer 12

photosynthesis

Question 13

Why do plants use reactions?

Answer 13

to build biomass

Question 14

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

carbon dioxide + water + (light energy) → glucose + oxygen

Question 15

How do cells release energy from glucose?

Answer 15

using respiration

Question 16

What happens to the glucose that cannot be stored in a cell?

Answer 16

they join to form giant molecules of starch

Question 17

What keeps a plant cell turgid?

Answer 17

plant cell vacuoles pushing against their cell walls

Question 18

What happens if there isn’t enough water in the plant?

Answer 18

vacuoles shrink and the cells become flaccid, which causes the plant to wilt

Question 19

What is stored in a vacuole?

Answer 19

minerals

Question 20

What happens when water evaporates through the stomata in the leaf?

Answer 20

water is pulled up from the xylem vessels to replace it, acting like a straw

Question 21

When do stomata close and why?

Answer 21

at night because photosynthesis is no longer active and when the leaf is short of water

Question 22

What are trees excellent at building?

Answer 22

biomass

Question 23

What are inside the trees’ leaves cells?

Answer 23

chloroplasts, which have a green pigment called chlorophyll which can absorb sunlight, and combine carbon dioxide & water to form sugar and oxygen.

Question 24

Why do we need plants?

Answer 24

oxygen and glucose

Question 25

How do plants use the glucose they make?

Answer 25

they use one half of it for respiration and the other half for growth

Question 26

What kind of energy does photosynthesis use to produce glucose?

Answer 26

solar energy

Question 27

What do glucose molecules contain?

Answer 27

stored energy

Question 28

What is the word equation for respiration?

Answer 28

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Question 29

What is the structure of a leaf?

Answer 29

-Palisade cells have the most chloroplasts and absorb most of the light energy plants need for photosynthesis -a stoma is a gap in the bottom of a leaf that lets gas molecules in and out -leaves have many stomata -guard cells surround the stomata and make them open and close -the cells in the epidermis are transparent to let light through and covered with a waxy layer to make the leaf waterproof -Water-delivery tubes (xylem vessels) carry water up from the roots -glucose-delivery tubes (phloem tubes) carry glucose to cells that do not carry out photosynthesis -The two sorts of delivery tubes run through the leaf in veins -the spongy mesophyll cells are surrounded by air spaces which let gases diffuse through the leaf

Question 30

What is glucose?

Answer 30

it is a simple sugar that dissolves easily (it's soluble)

Question 31

Why is starch a macromolecule?

Answer 31

because it is made up of hundreds of glucose all joined together

Question 32

How long can leaves store up starch?

Answer 32

2-3 days

Question 33

How do you test a leaf for starch?

Answer 33

-dip a leaf in boiling water for about a minute to soften it -put the leaf into a test tube of ethanol -stand the test tube in a beaker of hot water for about 10 mins -wash the leaf in cold water -spread the leaf out flat on a petri dish and cover it with iodine solution -if the leaf goes black/blue, starch is present

Question 34

Why is this a scientific question? 'does the temperature of the water affect the time it takes pond weed to release 1cm3 of oxygen?'

Answer 34

because it has a variable that can be changed or compared and it also has a variable that can be observed or measured

Question 35

Why is measuring the volume of oxygen released in a certain time a good measure of the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 35

because photosynthesis releases oxygen, and by measuring how much oxygen is released, we can know the rate of photosynthesis

Question 36

Why is it useful to plot a graph of results?

Answer 36

because it makes it easier to identify any trends or patterns in the results

Question 37

How do water and minerals enter and leave the plant?

Answer 37

leaves - water evaporates from leaf surface via stomata The SUN evaporates water in leaves. The water vapour leaves via holes called stomata on the bottom of the leaves. stem - water moves up xylem in the stem from roots to leaves This pulls more water up through the xylem vessels to replace it. The xylem vessels are hollow tubes. They run up the stem connecting the veins in the leaves to the roots. ROOTS - water absorbed to replace lost water at the top, helped by root hair cells. The roots maintain the plant’s water supply by absorbing more from the soil. Root hairs give the root a very large surface area.

Question 38

What is biomass made of?

Answer 38

glucose and minerals

Question 39

What do plants need for photosynthesis?

Answer 39

sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water

Question 40

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 40

palisade layer

Question 41

the water and minerals travel in a hollow tube called?

Answer 41

xylem

Question 42

What layer is at the bottom of a leaf?

Answer 42

spongy mesophyll

Question 43

What do plants need to respire?

Answer 43

glucose

Question 44

How do you know if starch is present in a leaf?

Answer 44

iodine solution turns blue black colour (this is a shorter version instead of the long stuff in the other question)

Question 45

where does water evaporate through?

Answer 45

the stomata