Digestion

Question 1

What are Enzymes?

Answer 1

Enzymes are a biological catalyst

Question 2

What are catalysts?

Answer 2

Catalysts are substances that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

Question 3

What are biological catalysts?

Answer 3

Enzymes

Question 4

What are enzymes made up of?

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

True or false: Catalysts can be used over and over again

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the active site?

Answer 6

The active site of an enzyme is the region that binds substrate molecules.

Question 7

What is the substrate?

Answer 7

A molecule acted upon by an enzyme.

Question 8

Select the right answer. What will happen if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site?
A: The reaction will be catalyzed, nothing will happen to enzyme
B: The enzyme will be denatured
C: The enzyme will be broken apart
D: The reaction won’t be catalyzed, nothing will happen to enzyme

Answer 8

D is the right answer

Question 9

What is a good way to describe the relation that the active site and the substrate have?

Answer 9

They are complementary

Question 10

How does temperature affect enzyme activity

Answer 10

The higher the temperature, the lower the enzyme activity

Question 11

What happens when the bonds holding the enzyme holding together start to break?

Answer 11

The active site will start to change shape

Question 12

What will happen if the active site changes shape to much?

Answer 12

The substrate will no longer fit the active site

Question 13

Define the term, ‘denatured’

Answer 13

When the active site can no longer bind to the substrate

Question 14

Is damage caused by denaturing permanent?

Answer 14

It is permanent

Question 15

What is optimum temperature?

Answer 15

The optimum temperature is when the rate of reaction is at the highest. It is 37 degrees.

Question 16

What else, apart from temperature, can denature an enzyme?

Answer 16

pH

Question 17

What is one thing that the optimum pH depends upon?

Answer 17

The optimum pH depends on where the enzyme is in the body. The normal for enzymes is 7

Question 18

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 18

Simple sugars

Question 19

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 19

Long chains of amino acids

Question 20

What are lipids made up of?

Answer 20

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

What does bile do?

Answer 21

Neutralizes acids and emulsifies acids

Question 22

What do enzymes do other than catalyzing reactions?

Answer 22

Breaks down food into smaller molecules

Question 23

What enzyme is Carbohydrate broken down by?

Answer 23

Amylase

Question 24

What enzyme breaks down proteins?

Answer 24

Protease enzymes

(trypsin and pepsin)

Question 25

What enzyme breaks down fats?

Answer 25

Lipase

Question 26

What is food used for?

Answer 26

Energy

Question 27

Name all the organs food passes through as it's being digested

Answer 27

Mouth --> Esophagus --> Stomach --> Small intestine --> Large intestine --> Rectum --> Anus

Question 28

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 28

The mouth carries out mechanical digestion in the form of chewing and the mouth carries out chemical digestion in the form of Amylase breaking down Carbs.

Question 29

What is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 29

Carries out mechanical digestion by moving in a wave-like motion

Question 30

What is the function of the Stomach?

Answer 30

Carries out mechanical digestion in the form of contracting walls and carries out chemical digestion in the form of Protease enzymes breaking down proteins

Question 31

What other substance is present in the stomach and what does it do?

Answer 31

Hydrochloric acid, kills bacteria and gives the protease enzymes the right environment to work

Question 32

What is the function of the Pancreas?

Answer 32

Produces lots of digestive enzymes which is secreted into the small intestine in pancreatic juices

Question 33

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 33

Where most absorption takes place and where some digestion takes place. Also produces enzymes to aid with digestion.

Question 34

Name all the ways the small intestine is adapted for absorption

Answer 34

1. Villi and Microvilli: Increase surface area which increases the amount of substance that is diffused over 2. One cell thick walls: Less area for nutrients to diffuse over which means diffusion can take place quicker 3. Excellent blood supply: Maintains the concentration gradient 4. Moist membranes

Question 35

Name the three parts of the small intestine:

Answer 35

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 36

What is active transport?

Answer 36

Active transport: substances are transported passively down concentration gradients. Requires energy while diffusion does not.

Question 37

Why does our body carry out active transport?

Answer 37

So that we absorb all nutrients

Question 38

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 38

Absorbs all remaining water

Question 39

What is the function of rectum?

Answer 39

Stores faeces

Question 40

How do feces exit the body?

Answer 40

Anus

Question 41

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Answer 41

Stores and releases bile

Question 42

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 42

Produces bile

Question 43

What is the main section of the digestive system called?

Answer 43

Alimentary canal or Gastrointestinal tract

Question 44

What are the three section of feeding?

Answer 44

Ingestion Digestion Absorption Egestion

Question 45

Why does chewing food help with digestion?

Answer 45

It increases surface area for enzymes to work on and it makes the food easier to swallow

Question 46

What are the 4 types of teeth?

Answer 46

Incisor, Canine, Premolars, Molars

Question 47

What is the function of Incisors?

Answer 47

Bites off pieces of food

Question 48

What is the function of the canine?

Answer 48

Biting off pieces of food

Question 49

What is the function of the Premolar?

Answer 49

Tearing and grinding food

Question 50

What is the function of the molars?

Answer 50

Chewing and grinding food

Question 51

What is the wave-like motion in the esophagus called?

Answer 51

Peristalsis