Digestion

Question 0

An example of monosaccharide is

Answer 0

Galactose, glucose, fructose

Question 1

What food contains high concentration of starch?

Answer 1

Pasta, bread, rice, potatoe

Question 2

An example of disaccharide is

Answer 2

Lactose, maltose or sucrose

Question 3

What are the secretions into the mouth?

Answer 3

Amylase, mucin, water

Question 4

What is mastication

Answer 4

The process if chewing

Question 5

Why is chewing necessary for efficient enzyme digestion?

Answer 5

It adds water and increases the surface area of food

Question 6

What is bolus?

Answer 6

The name for food in the esophagus

Question 7

What is chyme?

Answer 7

The name for food in the stomach

Question 8

What is bile?

Answer 8

A substance secreted into the digestion track and aids in increasing surface area of a lipid

Question 9

An individual who experiences severe pain when eating fats could be suffering from a blockage of what structure?

Answer 9

The gallbladder

Question 10

What would cause an ulcer?

Answer 10

Mucus entering the stomach being blocked by bacteria

Question 11

What helps add bulk to indigested foods that pass through the large intestine?

Answer 11

Roughage

Question 12

What is the macromolecule that forms the fibre “Roughage”?

Answer 12

Cellulose

Question 13

What is peristalsis?

Answer 13

The rhythmic contractions that move through the entire digestive track

Question 14

Where do the pancreas and gallbladder empty their contents into?

Answer 14

The duodenum

Question 15

What are the structures that increase area in the small intestine and lungs?

Answer 15

Villi and alveoli

Question 16

What is the active enzyme that can chemically digest proteins?

Answer 16

Pepsin

Question 17

What is an inactive enzyme that must be activated by HCL respiration?

Answer 17

Pepsinogen

Question 18

What is the difference between pepsin and pepsinogen?

Answer 18

Pepsin is active, pepsinogen is inactive and must be activated by HCL respiration

Question 19

What is the esophageal sphincter

Answer 19

the ring like muscular structure that controls entry to the stomach

Question 20

What is the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 20

It controls the exit of the stomachs contents into the small intestine

Question 21

Where is the due denim located?

Answer 21

The first 25cm of the small intestine

Question 22

Larger more complex assemblies of organic molecules are called?

Answer 22

Macromolecules

Question 23

Macromolecules are often grouped into 4 main categories, what are they?

Answer 23

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

Question 24

Give an example of a subunit of carbohydrates

Answer 24

Sugars (such as glucose and polymers of glucose)

Question 25

Give examples of a subunit of lipids

Answer 25

Glycerol with 3 fatty acids | Glycerol with 2 fatty acids

Question 26

Give an examples of a subunit of protein

Answer 26

Polymers of amino acid

Question 27

Give an example of a subunit of Nucleic acid

Answer 27

Polymers of nucleotides

Question 28

What are the main functions of lipids?

Answer 28

Energy storage and cell membranes

Question 29

What are the main functions of Nucleic acids?

Answer 29

Transfer and expression of genetic information

Question 30

What are the main functions of proteins?

Answer 30

Transport, blood clotting, support, immunity, catalysis, and muscle action

Question 31

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 31

Energy storage

Question 32

Chemical digestion starts in the mouth with an enzyme called ________ begins to break down starch into simpler sugars

Answer 32

Amylase

Question 33

What is the esophagus?

Answer 33

A muscular portion of the digestive track that directs food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 34

What is peristalsis?

Answer 34

The wavelike series of muscular contractions and relocations that helps move bolus through the esophagus

Question 35

What controls the entry to the stomach?

Answer 35

A ring like muscular structure called the esophageal sphincter

Question 36

What is the production site and function of saliva?

Answer 36

Mouth Contributes to starch digestion via salivary amylase, and lubricates the inside of the mouth to assist in swallowing

Question 37

What is the production site and function of mucus?

Answer 37

- The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine | - protects the cells lining of the digestive track, lubricates food as it travels through the digestive track

Question 38

What is the production site and function of enzymes?

Answer 38

- The mouth, stomach, small intestine & large intestine | - promotes digestion if food masses into particles small enough for absorption into the blood stream

Question 39

What is the production site and function of acid?

Answer 39

- stomach | - promotes digestion of protein

Question 40

What is the production site and function of bile?

Answer 40

Liver (stored in gallbladder) -suspends fat in water using bile salts, cholesterol, and lecithin to aid digestion of fats in small intestine

Question 41

What is the production site and function of bicarbonate

Answer 41

Pancreas and small intestine -neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine

Question 42

What is the production site and function of hormones?

Answer 42

Stomach, small intestine, and pancreas -stimulate production and/or release of acid, enzymes, bile and bicarbonate; help to regulate peristalsis

Question 43

What are the 3 main functions of the stomach?

Answer 43

Storage, digestion and pushing foods into the small intestine

Question 44

What controls the exit of the stomach into the small intestine?

Answer 44

The pyloric sphincter

Question 45

Gastric juice is made up of what 5 thing?

Answer 45

Water, mucus, salts, hydrochloride acids, enzymes

Question 46

What is the purpose of gastric juices

Answer 46

They are responsible for chemical digestion in the stomach

Question 47

Assembling macromolecules uses?

Answer 47

Dehydration sythesis

Question 48

Disassembling macromolecules uses?

Answer 48

Hydrolysis

Question 49

Carbohydrates are?

Answer 49

Macromolecules that always contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 50

A simple sugar is?

Answer 50

A carbohydrate molecule with three to seven carbon atoms | aka monosaccharide

Question 51

A polysaccharide is?

Answer 51

A complex carbohydrate that consists of many linked simple sugars

Question 52

What shape is the stomach?

Answer 52

J shaped

Question 53

What are the 3 methods of protection against the stomach digesting the proteins that make up its own cells?

Answer 53

1 the stomach secretes little gastric juice until the food until the food is present 2 some stomach cells secrete mucus which prevents gastric juice from harming the stomach 3 it produces it's own protein-digesting enzyme called pepsin, in a form that remains inactive until hydrochloride acid is present

Question 54

Which intestine is longer?

Answer 54

The small intestine

Question 55

Which intestine is thicker?

Answer 55

The large intestine

Question 56

What is segmentation?

Answer 56

The process where chyme sloshes back and forth between segments of the small intestine that form when bands of circular muscle briefly contracts

Question 57

What is the main function of the small intestine?

Answer 57

To complete the digestion of macromolecules and to absorb their component subunits

Question 58

The first 25cm of the small intestine is the?

Answer 58

Duodenum

Question 59

What shape is the duodenum?

Answer 59

U shaped

Question 60

The pancreas delivers _____ amount of pancreatic fluid to the duodenum each day.

Answer 60

1 L

Question 61

What is the largest internal organ in the human body?

Answer 61

The liver

Question 62

After bile is produced in the liver it is sent to the?

Answer 62

Gallbladder

Question 63

What is the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestine?

Answer 63

Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 64

What is Crohn's disease?

Answer 64

A serious inflammatory bowl disease that usually affects the ileum of the small intestine