Digestion

Question 0

How are nutrient requirements met in carnivores?

Answer 0

Because they also ingest digestive tracts and contents of the carcass

Question 1

What is an animal that eats animal material?

Answer 1

Carnivore

Question 2

Carnivores have a single/simple stomach so they are called?

Answer 2

Monogastrics

Question 3

An animal that will ONLY take in animal material even when they’re starving is called?

Answer 3

Obligate carnivore

Question 4

A carnivore that will take in plant material when they are starving is?

Answer 4

Facultative carnivore

Question 5

What is an animal called the regularly eats both animal and plant material?

Answer 5

Omnivore

Question 6

Give two examples of omnivores

Answer 6

Human, pig, rat, opossum

Question 7

Do omnivores have a caecum?

Answer 7

They may or may not have one

Question 8

What is an animal called that eats only plant material?

Answer 8

Herbivore

Question 9

What problem do herbivores have with digestion?

Answer 9

No enzymes produced that breaks down plant cell walls

Question 10

How do herbivores overcome the issue they have with digestion?

Answer 10

Bacteria in the gut produces enzymes that can digest cellulose and hemicellulose so space needs to be provided in the gut for these bacteria

Question 11

What are the three places in the fur where bacteria can digest cell walls?

Answer 11

Pregastric - before true stomach, one or more forestomachs

Post gastric - after true stomach, caecum or colon

Question 12

What are Pregastric herbivores called?

Answer 12

Foregut fermenters

Question 13

What are post gastric herbivores called?

Answer 13

Hindgut fermenters

Question 14

What can gut bacteria synthesize?

Answer 14

Essential AAs using N and dietary protein, all B vitamins, K vitamins, VFAs

Question 15

There are three ways forgot fermenters fermet. What are these?

Answer 15

Ruminants - 3 chambers, rumen, reticulum and omasum
Merycism - 2 chambers, rumen and reticulum
Then the 3rd is the 1st part of the true stomach

Question 16

What is it called when food particles are too large to pass into the abomasum so they are forced back up to the esophagus to the mouth, re-chewed with more saliva and re-swallowed?

Answer 16

Rumination

Question 17

What is it called when gases are produced by bacteria and is released?

Answer 17

Eructation

Question 18

What are 4 examples of ruminants?

Answer 18

Cow, sheep, deer, giraffe

Question 19

What is an example of an animal who displays merycism?

Answer 19

Camel

Question 20

What is an example of an animal that displays merycism but fermentation occurs in the 1st part of the true stomach?

Answer 20

Kangaroo

Question 21

What are 3 examples of an animal that has fermentation in the 1st part of the true stomach but does not display merycism?

Answer 21

Hippo, sloth, langur monkeys

Question 22

Small herbivores have an enlarged what for fermentation?

Answer 22

Caecum

Question 23

Small herbivores include..

Answer 23

Guinea pig, hamster, rabbit

Question 24

Large herbivores have an enlarged what for fermentation?

Answer 24

Colon

Question 25

Large herbivores include..

Answer 25

Horse, rhino, elephant, wombat, orangutan

Question 26

Why do postgastric fermenters eat their feces?

Answer 26

All vitamins and AAs can't be absorbed because they're produced after the small intestine

Question 27

What is coprophagy?

Answer 27

Ingestion of feces, often during nutritional deficiency

Question 28

What is cecotrophy?

Answer 28

Selective ingestion of highly nutritious feces derived from the contents of the caecum

Question 29

What are the absorbable units of proteins?

Answer 29

AAs and small peptides

Question 30

What are the absorbable units of carbohydrates?

Answer 30

Monosaccharides

Question 31

What are the absorbable units of fat?

Answer 31

FAs, monoglycerides, VFAs

Question 32

What is absorbed in the reticulum and rumen?

Answer 32

VFAs

Question 33

What is absorbed in the omasum?

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

What occurs in the abomasum?

Answer 34

Acid digestion

Question 35

What occurs in the duodenum?

Answer 35

Neutral digestion

Question 36

What part of the small intestine is the major absorption site?

Answer 36

Jejunum

Question 37

What is absorbed in the ileum?

Answer 37

AAs, small peptides, monosaccharides, vitamins, minerals, FAs

Question 38

What is absorbed in the caecum?

Answer 38

VFAs

Question 39

What is absorbed in the colon?

Answer 39

VFAs, Na, K and water