Digestion Flashcards
(31 cards)
A secretion of the liver consisting of water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, lecithin, and several ions; it emulsifiers lipids prior to their digestion
Bile salts
A soft rounded mass, usually food, that is swallowed.
Bolus
The secreting cell of a gastric gland that produces pepsinogen, the precursor of the enzyme pepsin, and the enzyme gastric lipase. Cell in the parathyroid glands that secretes parathyroid hormone(PTH)
Chief cells
The semi fluid moisture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion of a meal
Chyme
The portion of the large intestine consisting of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.
Colon
The act of swallowing
Deglutition
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by body cells.
Digestion
The dispersion of large lipid globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles in the presence of bile.
Emulsification
The part of the nervous system that is embedded in the submucosa and muscularis of the GI tract; governs motility and secretions of the GI tract
Enteric nervous system ENS
A cell of the mucosa of the GI tract that secrets hormones that governs function of the GI tract
Enteroendocrine cells
Glands in the mucosa of the stomach composed of cells that empty their secretions into narrow channels called gastric pits.
Gastric glands
A continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity extending from the mouth to the anus. Also called alimentary canal.
Gastrointestinal tract
A liver cell
Hepatocyte
A gland that opens into the surface of the intestinal mucosa and secrets digestive enzymes. Also called a crypt lieberkuhn
Intestinal gland
One of the many lymphatic vessels in villi of the intestines that absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested foods.
Lacteals
Chewing
Mastication
Microscopic, finger like projections of the plasma membranes of cells that increase surface area for absorption, especially in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys.
Microvilli
A muscular layer of an organ
Muscularis
A network of autonomic axons and postganglionic cell bodies located in the muscularis of the GI tract
Myenteric plexus
A type of secretory cell in gastric glands that produces HCL acid and intrinsic factor.
Parietal cells
One of the paired salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears and connected to the oral cavity via a duct that opens into they inside of the cheek opposite the maxillary second molar tooth.
Parotid glands
Protein-digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells of the stomach in the inactive form pepsinogen, which is converted to the active pepsin by HCL
Pepsin
Successive muscular contractions along the wall of a hollow muscular structure
Peristalsis
The largest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera within it.
Peritoneum