Digestion

Question 1

A secretion of the liver consisting of water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, lecithin, and several ions; it emulsifiers lipids prior to their digestion

Answer 1

Bile salts

Question 2

A soft rounded mass, usually food, that is swallowed.

Answer 2

Bolus

Question 3

The secreting cell of a gastric gland that produces pepsinogen, the precursor of the enzyme pepsin, and the enzyme gastric lipase. Cell in the parathyroid glands that secretes parathyroid hormone(PTH)

Answer 3

Chief cells

Question 4

The semi fluid moisture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion of a meal

Answer 4

Chyme

Question 5

The portion of the large intestine consisting of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.

Answer 5

Colon

Question 6

The act of swallowing

Answer 6

Deglutition

Question 7

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by body cells.

Answer 7

Digestion

Question 8

The dispersion of large lipid globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles in the presence of bile.

Answer 8

Emulsification

Question 9

The part of the nervous system that is embedded in the submucosa and muscularis of the GI tract; governs motility and secretions of the GI tract

Answer 9

Enteric nervous system ENS

Question 10

A cell of the mucosa of the GI tract that secrets hormones that governs function of the GI tract

Answer 10

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 11

Glands in the mucosa of the stomach composed of cells that empty their secretions into narrow channels called gastric pits.

Answer 11

Gastric glands

Question 12

A continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity extending from the mouth to the anus. Also called alimentary canal.

Answer 12

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 13

A liver cell

Answer 13

Hepatocyte

Question 14

A gland that opens into the surface of the intestinal mucosa and secrets digestive enzymes. Also called a crypt lieberkuhn

Answer 14

Intestinal gland

Question 15

One of the many lymphatic vessels in villi of the intestines that absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested foods.

Answer 15

Lacteals

Question 16

Chewing

Answer 16

Mastication

Question 17

Microscopic, finger like projections of the plasma membranes of cells that increase surface area for absorption, especially in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys.

Answer 17

Microvilli

Question 18

A muscular layer of an organ

Answer 18

Muscularis

Question 19

A network of autonomic axons and postganglionic cell bodies located in the muscularis of the GI tract

Answer 19

Myenteric plexus

Question 20

A type of secretory cell in gastric glands that produces HCL acid and intrinsic factor.

Answer 20

Parietal cells

Question 21

One of the paired salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears and connected to the oral cavity via a duct that opens into they inside of the cheek opposite the maxillary second molar tooth.

Answer 21

Parotid glands

Question 22

Protein-digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells of the stomach in the inactive form pepsinogen, which is converted to the active pepsin by HCL

Answer 22

Pepsin

Question 23

Successive muscular contractions along the wall of a hollow muscular structure

Answer 23

Peristalsis

Question 24

The largest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera within it.

Answer 24

Peritoneum

Question 25

An enzyme in saliva that initiates the chemical breakdown of starch.

Answer 25

Salivary amylase

Question 26

One pair of salivary gland situated in the floor of the mouth deep to the mucous membrane and to the side if the lingual frenulum, with a duct that opens into the floor of the mouth.

Answer 26

Sublingual glands

Question 27

One of a pair of salivary glands found inferior to the base of the tongue to the mucous membrane in the posterior part of the floor of the mouth, posterior to the sublingual glands, with a duct situated on the side of the lingual frenulum.

Answer 27

Submandibular glands

Question 28

A layer of connective tissue located deep to a mucous membrane, as in the GI tract or the urinary bladder; the submucosa connects the mucosa to the muscularis layer.

Answer 28

Submucosa

Question 29

A network of autonomic nerve fibers located in the superficial part of the submucous layer of the small intestine.

Answer 29

Submucosal plexus

Question 30

A projection of the intestinal mucosal cells containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and a lymphatic vessel; functions in the absorption of the end products of digestion

Answer 30

Villi

Question 31

Absorption

Answer 31

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph