Flashcards in Digestion Deck (31):
1
A secretion of the liver consisting of water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, lecithin, and several ions; it emulsifiers lipids prior to their digestion
Bile salts
2
A soft rounded mass, usually food, that is swallowed.
Bolus
3
The secreting cell of a gastric gland that produces pepsinogen, the precursor of the enzyme pepsin, and the enzyme gastric lipase. Cell in the parathyroid glands that secretes parathyroid hormone(PTH)
Chief cells
4
The semi fluid moisture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion of a meal
Chyme
5
The portion of the large intestine consisting of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions.
Colon
6
The act of swallowing
Deglutition
7
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to simple molecules that can be absorbed and used by body cells.
Digestion
8
The dispersion of large lipid globules into smaller, uniformly distributed particles in the presence of bile.
Emulsification
9
The part of the nervous system that is embedded in the submucosa and muscularis of the GI tract; governs motility and secretions of the GI tract
Enteric nervous system ENS
10
A cell of the mucosa of the GI tract that secrets hormones that governs function of the GI tract
Enteroendocrine cells
11
Glands in the mucosa of the stomach composed of cells that empty their secretions into narrow channels called gastric pits.
Gastric glands
12
A continuous tube running through the ventral body cavity extending from the mouth to the anus. Also called alimentary canal.
Gastrointestinal tract
13
A liver cell
Hepatocyte
14
A gland that opens into the surface of the intestinal mucosa and secrets digestive enzymes. Also called a crypt lieberkuhn
Intestinal gland
15
One of the many lymphatic vessels in villi of the intestines that absorb triglycerides and other lipids from digested foods.
Lacteals
16
Chewing
Mastication
17
Microscopic, finger like projections of the plasma membranes of cells that increase surface area for absorption, especially in the small intestine and proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys.
Microvilli
18
A muscular layer of an organ
Muscularis
19
A network of autonomic axons and postganglionic cell bodies located in the muscularis of the GI tract
Myenteric plexus
20
A type of secretory cell in gastric glands that produces HCL acid and intrinsic factor.
Parietal cells
21
One of the paired salivary glands located inferior and anterior to the ears and connected to the oral cavity via a duct that opens into they inside of the cheek opposite the maxillary second molar tooth.
Parotid glands
22
Protein-digesting enzyme secreted by chief cells of the stomach in the inactive form pepsinogen, which is converted to the active pepsin by HCL
Pepsin
23
Successive muscular contractions along the wall of a hollow muscular structure
Peristalsis
24
The largest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera within it.
Peritoneum
25
An enzyme in saliva that initiates the chemical breakdown of starch.
Salivary amylase
26
One pair of salivary gland situated in the floor of the mouth deep to the mucous membrane and to the side if the lingual frenulum, with a duct that opens into the floor of the mouth.
Sublingual glands
27
One of a pair of salivary glands found inferior to the base of the tongue to the mucous membrane in the posterior part of the floor of the mouth, posterior to the sublingual glands, with a duct situated on the side of the lingual frenulum.
Submandibular glands
28
A layer of connective tissue located deep to a mucous membrane, as in the GI tract or the urinary bladder; the submucosa connects the mucosa to the muscularis layer.
Submucosa
29
A network of autonomic nerve fibers located in the superficial part of the submucous layer of the small intestine.
Submucosal plexus
30
A projection of the intestinal mucosal cells containing connective tissue, blood vessels, and a lymphatic vessel; functions in the absorption of the end products of digestion
Villi
31