Digestion

Question 1

Name the role of the oesophagus

Answer 1

carries food from the mouth to the stomach

Question 2

Name the role of the stomach

Answer 2

to stores and digest food ( especially proteins)

Question 3

Name the role of the ileum

Answer 3

further digest food with enzymes

absorb production of digestion into blood steam with villi and microvilli

Question 4

Name the role of the colon (large intestine)

Answer 4

absorbs H2O

Question 5

Name the role of the rectum

Answer 5

faeces stored here before being periodically removed via anus in egestion

Question 6

Name the role of the salivary gland

Answer 6

contains amylase which hydrolysis starch into maltose

Question 7

Name the role of the pancreas

Answer 7

produces secretion called pancreatic juice

Question 8

Digestion occurs in 2 stages, what are they?

Answer 8

Physical breakdown

Chemical breakdown

Question 9

Describe physical breakdown and give examples

Answer 9

teeth/stomach walls muscles

broken down large food molecules into smaller pieces to be ingested and give a large SA for chemical digestion

Question 10

Describe chemical breakdown and give examples

Answer 10

hydrolysis
broken down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
more than one enzyme is needed to break down a molecule

Question 11

Define
carbohydrase
lipase
protease

Answer 11

carbohydrasse= carbohydrates to ultimately monosaccharides

lipase= lipids to glycerol and fatty acids

proteases= proteins to ultimately amino acids

Question 12

Name the four types of carbohydrases, where are they found and what they break down.

Answer 12

Amylase= produced in pancreas and mouth, hydrolysis alternative bonds of starch to produce maltose

Matase= produced in the lining of ileum, hydrolysis maltose to alpha-glucose

Sucrase=sucrose to glucose and fructose
Lactase= lactose to glucose and galactose

Question 13

Describe the process of bread being broken down

Answer 13

Saliva enters mouth and mixes with food during chewing, containing salivary amylase and mineral salt to keep optimum neutral pH

Food is swallowed into the stomach, acidic denatures enzymes

Enter small intestine, mix with pancreatic juice

muscle in intestine wall moves food along ileum, epithelial lining produces maltose ( memory-bound disaccharidase)

Question 14

Define absorption

Answer 14

take soluble molecules into the body

Question 15

Define assimilation

Answer 15

incorporate absorbed molecules into body tissue

Question 16

What bond do Lipidase break and where are lipases produced

Answer 16

breaks the ester bond

pancrease

Question 17

Name the process where lipids are split into micelles

Answer 17

emulsification

Question 18

What splits lipids into micelles and where is it produced?

Answer 18

bile salts

produced in the liver

Question 19

Name the 3 types of peptidases

Answer 19

Endopeptidases
Exopeptideases
Dipeptidases

Question 20

What is the role of a endopeptidases

Answer 20

hydrolyse peptide bond between central amino acid

Question 21

What is the role of a exopeptidases

Answer 21

hydrolyse peptide bond on the terminal amino acid of a peptide molecule formed by endopeptidase
release dipeptide and amino acids

Question 22

What is the role of a dipeptidases

Answer 22

hydrolyse bond between 2 amino acids in dipeptides

they are memory bound

Question 23

Define hydrolysis

Answer 23

the splitting up of molecules by the addition of water molecules to chemical bonds that hold them together

Question 24

Where is glucose absorbed into and use up in?

Answer 24

Absorbed into the bloodstream

used up in respiration

Question 25

How does being lactose intolerant lead to a decrease in body mass

Answer 25

destroyed villi
reduce SA
less nutrients absorbed
less diffusion

Question 26

Why are cells in the plasma membrane?

Answer 26

so enzyme are not lost with cell content

Question 27

What does being lactose intolerant cause?

Answer 27

lactose hydrolysed by bacteria which produces gas