Digestion and absorption

Question 1

7. Which of the following must be hydrolyzed before absorption can occur?
   A) Electrolytes
   B) Water-soluble vitamins
   C) Lipids
   D) Minerals

Answer 1

Answer: C) Lipids

Question 1

What is the process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler units called?
A) Absorption
B) Hydrolysis
C) Filtration
D) Excretion

Answer 1

Answer: B) Hydrolysis

Question 2

8. Where does the majority of nutrient absorption occur in the digestive system?
   A) Stomach
   B) Small intestine
   C) Large intestine
   D) Esophagus

Answer 2

Answer: B) Small intestine

Question 3

10. What happens to large organic molecules before they can be absorbed by the body?
    A) They are filtered
    B) They are broken down by hydrolysis
    C) They are stored in the stomach
    D) They are excreted

Answer 3

Answer: B) They are broken down by hydrolysis

Question 3

9. Which of the following requires special transport mechanisms for absorption?
   A) Water
   B) Electrolytes
   C) Fat-soluble vitamins
   D) All of the above

Answer 3

Answer: D) All of the above

Question 4

1. Which organ is responsible for synthesizing digestive enzymes?
   A) Liver
   B) Stomach
   C) Pancreas
   D) Small intestine

Answer 4

Answer: C) Pancreas

Question 5

2. What hormone induces the secretion of the aqueous portion of pancreatic juice?
   A) Cholecystokinin
   B) Secretin
   C) Gastrin
   D) Pepsin

Answer 5

Answer: B) Secretin

Question 6

3. Which ion in the aqueous portion of pancreatic juice helps maintain an optimal pH for enzymes?
   A) Sodium (Na⁺)
   B) Potassium (K⁺)
   C) Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)
   D) Calcium (Ca²⁺)

Answer 6

Answer: C) Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)

Question 6

4. What is the approximate pH maintained by bicarbonate in pancreatic secretion?
   A) 2
   B) 4
   C) 7
   D) 9

Answer 6

Answer: C) 7

Question 6

5. The enzymatic portion of pancreatic secretion is induced by which hormone?
   A) Secretin
   B) Pepsin
   C) Cholecystokinin
   D) Insulin

Answer 6

Answer: C) Cholecystokinin

Question 7

6. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme secreted by the pancreas?
   A) Amylase
   B) Lipase
   C) Pepsin
   D) Trypsinogen

Answer 7

Answer: C) Pepsin

Question 8

2. Which of the following are the simpler units resulting from the digestion of carbohydrates?
   A) Amino acids
   B) Fatty acids
   C) Monosaccharides
   D) Glycerol

Answer 8

Answer: C) Monosaccharides

Question 9

6. Which of the following nutrients can be absorbed without processing?
   A) Proteins
   B) Lipids
   C) Water
   D) Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Answer: C) Water

Question 10

4. Which of the following nutrients requires digestion before absorption?
   A) Water
   B) Electrolytes
   C) Proteins
   D) Vitamins

Answer 10

Answer: C) Proteins

Question 11

5. What type of enzymes are required for the digestion of large organic molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
   A) Transport enzymes
   B) Hydrolytic enzymes
   C) Absorptive enzymes
   D) Excretory enzymes

Answer 11

Answer: B) Hydrolytic enzymes

Question 11

The transport of digested nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and water into the bloodstream or lymphatic system is known as:
A) Filtration
B) Absorption
C) Digestion
D) Hydrolysis

Answer 11

Answer: B) Absorption

Question 12

What is the function of pancreatic amylase?
A) Digestion of proteins
B) Digestion of lipids
C) Digestion of carbohydrates
D) Digestion of nucleic acids

Answer 12

Answer: C) Digestion of carbohydrates

Question 12

8. Lipase is responsible for breaking down which type of macromolecule?
   A) Proteins
   B) Carbohydrates
   C) Lipids
   D) Nucleic acids

Answer 12

Answer: C) Lipids

Question 13

Which enzyme is responsible for activating trypsinogen into trypsin?
A) Pepsin
B) Enteropeptidase
C) Lipase
D) Amylase

Answer 13

Answer: B) Enteropeptidase

Question 14

9. Where do pancreatic enzymes and bile get released?
   A) Stomach
   B) Duodenal lumen
   C) Large intestine
   D) Mouth

Answer 14

Answer: B) Duodenal lumen

Question 15

11. Which pancreatic enzyme digests proteins?
    A) Amylase
    B) Lipase
    C) Trypsin
    D) Sucrase

Answer 15

Answer: C) Trypsin

Question 16

12. Chymotrypsinogen is converted into its active form, chymotrypsin, by:
    A) Pepsin
    B) Enteropeptidase
    C) Trypsin
    D) Amylase

Answer 16

Answer: C) Trypsin

Question 17

16. Where does the hydrolysis of di- and tripeptides occur?
    A) Stomach
    B) Cytoplasm of enterocytes
    C) Pancreas
    D) Liver

Answer 17

Answer: B) Cytoplasm of enterocytes

Question 17

What is the function of pancreatic procarboxypeptidase?
A) Digests lipids
B) Digests carbohydrates
C) Further breaks down peptides
D) Emulsifies fats

Answer 17

Answer: C) Further breaks down peptides

Question 18

17. Which type of enzymes break down carbohydrates in the mouth and intestinal lumen? A) Lipases B) Proteases C) Glycosidases D) Nucleases

Answer 18

Answer: C) Glycosidases

Question 18

15. The digestion of disaccharides occurs in the: A) Stomach B) Liver C) Plasma membrane of enterocytes D) Large intestine

Answer 18

Answer: C) Plasma membrane of enterocytes

Question 19

18. What is the main function of bile in digestion? A) Digests carbohydrates B) Emulsifies fats C) Neutralizes stomach acid D) Activates pepsin

Answer 19

Answer: B) Emulsifies fats

Question 20

14. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down elastin, a protein found in connective tissues? A) Amylase B) Elastase C) Lipase D) Sucrase

Answer 20

Answer: B) Elastase

Question 21

20. What is the role of enterocytes in digestion? A) Secrete bile B) Absorb nutrients and complete digestion C) Store digestive enzymes D) Neutralize stomach acid

Answer 21

Answer: B) Absorb nutrients and complete digestion

Question 22

1. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down polysaccharides like starch and glycogen? A) Lipase B) Pepsin C) α-Amylase D) Trypsin

Answer 22

Answer: C) α-Amylase

Question 23

2. Where is α-amylase produced? A) Stomach and liver B) Salivary glands and pancreas C) Small intestine and kidneys D) Large intestine and gallbladder

Answer 23

Answer: B) Salivary glands and pancreas

Question 24

Which of the following is TRUE about pancreatic enzyme secretion? A) It is stimulated by gastric acid B) Secretin and cholecystokinin regulate different portions of the secretion C) Enzymes are stored in active form within the pancreas D) The stomach is the primary site of enzyme action

Answer 24

Answer: B) Secretin and cholecystokinin regulate different portions of the secretion

Question 25

5. What enzyme breaks down α-limit dextrins into glucose? A) Sucrase B) Lactase C) Isomaltase D) Maltase

Answer 25

Answer: C) Isomaltase

Question 25

6. Where does the digestion of disaccharides primarily occur? A) Stomach B) Liver C) Brush border of intestinal mucosal cells D) Colon

Answer 25

Answer: C) Brush border of intestinal mucosal cells

Question 26

What type of bonds does α-amylase hydrolyze? A) α-1,6-glucosidic bonds B) β-1,4-glucosidic bonds C) α-1,4-glucosidic bonds D) Peptide bonds

Answer 26

Answer: C) α-1,4-glucosidic bonds

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a product of α-amylase digestion? A) Maltotriose B) α-Limit dextrins C) Cellulose D) Maltose

Answer 27

Answer: C) Cellulose

Question 28

Why can α-amylase not completely break down glycogen and starch? A) It only works at very low pH B) It cannot hydrolyze α-1,6 bonds C) It requires bile for activation D) It only digests proteins

Answer 28

Answer: B) It cannot hydrolyze α-1,6 bonds

Question 29

3. Which of the following is NOT a product of α-amylase digestion? A) Maltotriose B) Maltose C) α-Limit dextrins D) Sucrose

Answer 29

Answer: D) Sucrose

Question 30

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch and glycogen? A) Lipase B) Trypsin C) α-Amylase D) Sucrase

Answer 30

Answer: C) α-Amylase

Question 30

Which enzyme breaks down maltose into glucose? A) Isomaltase B) Maltase C) Trehalase D) Lactase

Answer 30

Answer: B) Maltase

Question 30

What type of bonds does α-amylase hydrolyze? A) α-1,6-glycosidic bonds B) β-1,4-glycosidic bonds C) α-1,4-glycosidic bonds D) Peptide bonds

Answer 30

Answer: C) α-1,4-glycosidic bonds

Question 31

Which enzyme is responsible for digesting sucrose? A) Sucrase B) Isomaltase C) Maltase D) Lipase

Answer 31

Answer: A) Sucrase

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a final product of carbohydrate digestion? A) Glucose B) Galactose C) Fructose D) Maltose

Answer 31

Answer: D) Maltose

Question 31

What happens to indigestible cellulose in the human body? A) It is broken down by stomach acid B) It is absorbed in the small intestine C) It enters the colon and is excreted in feces D) It is converted into glucose

Answer 31

Answer: C) It enters the colon and is excreted in feces

Question 31

What are the final products of carbohydrate digestion? A) Polysaccharides B) Disaccharides C) Monosaccharides D) Oligosaccharides

Answer 31

Answer: C) Monosaccharides

Question 31

Why are humans unable to digest cellulose? A) It has α-1,4 glycosidic bonds B) Humans lack β(1→4)-glucosidases C) Cellulose dissolves in stomach acid D) Cellulose is broken down in the pancreas

Answer 31

Answer: B) Humans lack β(1→4)-glucosidases

Question 31

Which enzyme digests lactose? A) Maltase B) Isomaltase C) Lactase D) Trehalase

Answer 31

Answer: C) Lactase

Question 32

What is the main function of brush border enzymes? A) To break down complex proteins B) To digest disaccharides into monosaccharides C) To digest lipids into fatty acids D) To produce bile

Answer 32

Answer: B) To digest disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 33

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down trehalose? A) Sucrase B) Trehalase C) Isomaltase D) Maltase

Answer 33

Answer: B) Trehalase

Question 33

Where are brush border enzymes located? A) Liver B) Stomach lining C) Small intestine D) Pancreas

Answer 33

Answer: C) Small intestine