digestion and absorption

Question 1

order of digestive system

Answer 1

mouth, salivary glands, epiglottis, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, ileum, large intestine, appendix, rectum, anus

Question 2

carbohydrate digestion

Answer 2

-starts in the mouth
-salivary amylase can break down amylose into maltose
-pancreas produces own amylase
-maltose is broken down by maltase
-can be membrane bound disaccharides
-broken down into alpha glucose and other monosaccharides

Question 3

picks law (carbohydrate digestion)

Answer 3

-surface area- villi and microvilli
-distance- each villi has own capillary distance
-gradient- constant blood flow to remove high concentration in the blood

Question 4

carbohydrate absorption

Answer 4

-active transport of Na+ out
-co transport of Na+ and glucose with the concentration gradient
-facilitated diffusion of glucose

Question 5

protein digestion

Answer 5

-mouth- mechanical digestion
-stomach- pepsin and mechanical digestion
-pancreas- trypsin

Question 6

proteases

Answer 6

-endopeptidases- break peptide bonds within (trypsin and pepsin)
-exopeptidases- break peptide bonds at the end
-membrane bound dipepsidases

Question 7

protein absorption

Answer 7

actively moves Na+ out of the cell

Question 8

lipid digestion

Answer 8

-made smaller to increase surface area
-emulsification of bile salts in the gall bladder
-makes fat more soluble in water
-combine with lipase
-called micelles
-easier to transport to cell membrane
-lipase hydrolyses lipids
-micelles disassemble near membrane, high concentration

Question 9

lipid absorption

Answer 9

-diffuse across phospholipid membrane
-lipid is soluble
-transported to smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-reformed into triglycerides
-triglycerides associate with cholesterol and other lipoproteins to form chylomicrons
-transported to cell membrane and release by exocytosis
-enter the lacteal