Digestion and Metabolism

Question 1

Definition of digestion

Answer 1

the bodies method of breaking down food in preparation for absorption

Question 2

functions of the mouth

Answer 2

• teeth chew

- tongue positions and tastes food

Question 3

functions of the pharynx

Answer 3

• passageway for food and air

- swallowing

Question 4

functions of oesophagus

Answer 4

transports food from pharynx to stomach

Question 5

functions of stomach

Answer 5

• begins chemical digestion

- delivers bolus to small intestine

Question 6

functions of large intestine

Answer 6

• absorbs nutrients

- stores waste

Question 7

functions of small intestine

Answer 7

• digests macronutrients
• absorbs nutrients
• completes chemical digestion of macronutrients
• delivers bolus to large intestine

Question 8

function of rectum

Answer 8

passageway for faeces

Question 9

functions of anus

Answer 9

expels undigested material

Question 10

functions of salivary glands

Answer 10

• saliva moistens food

- amylase digests starch

Question 11

functions of liver

Answer 11

• produces bile

- associated with processing and storing nutrients

Question 12

functions of gallbladder

Answer 12

stores and concentrates bile

Question 13

functions of pancreas

Answer 13

secretes digestive enzymes into small intestine

Question 14

where are carbohydrates digested

Answer 14

• mouth
• small intestine
• large intestine

Question 15

which enzymes are involved with carbohydrate digestion

Answer 15

• salivary amylase
• pancreatic amylase
• maltase, sucrase, lactase

Question 16

where are proteins digested

Answer 16

• stomach

- small intestine

Question 17

what enzymes are associated with protein digestion

Answer 17

• hydrochloric acid
• gastric pepsin
• trypsin and chymotrypsin
• intestinal peptidase

Question 18

where are lipids digested

Answer 18

• mouth
• stomach
• small intestine

Question 19

which enzymes are associated with lipid digestion

Answer 19

• lingual lipase
• bile
• pancreatic lipase

Question 20

what does salivary amylase do

Answer 20

breaks down shorter polysaccharides and disaccharides in the mouth

Question 21

what does pancreatic amylase do

Answer 21

breaks down shorter polysaccharides and disaccharides in the small intestine

Question 22

what do maltase, sucrase and lactase do

Answer 22

break down monosaccharides into the bloodstream in the small intestine

Question 23

what does gastric pepsin and hydrochloric acid do

Answer 23

breaks down shorter polypeptide chains in the stomach

Question 24

what does trypsin and chymotrypsin do

Answer 24

break down single amino acids and short peptide chains into the bloodstream from the small intestine

Question 25

what does intestinal peptidase do

Answer 25

breaks down single amino acids into the blood stream from the small intestine

Question 26

what does lingual lipase do

Answer 26

breaks down short fatty acid chains in the mouth

Question 27

what does the enzyme bile do

Answer 27

breaks down small fat droplets in the small intestine

Question 28

what does pancreatic lipase do

Answer 28

- breaks down short fatty acids into the bloodstream from small intestine - breaks down long fatty acids into lymphatic system

Question 29

describe digestion in the mouth

Answer 29

- mastication - salivary amylase and lingual lipase - bolus passes through pharynx into oesophagus where peristalsis aids through schinter into stomach

Question 30

what is peristalsis

Answer 30

muscle contractions of oesophagus

Question 31

what are 3 segments of small intestine

Answer 31

- duodenum - jejunum - ileum

Question 32

describe digestion in small intestine

Answer 32

- chemical digestion completed | - pancreas, liver and gallbladder release secretions into duodenum

Question 33

chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 33

mouth = salivary amylase breaks down starch small intestine = pancreatic amylase break down polysaccarides large intestine - soluble fibre fermented by bacteria

Question 34

chemical digestion of lipids

Answer 34

mouth = lingual lipase breaks down shorter fatty acid chains | small intestine = pancreatic lipase breack down small fat droplets into small fatty acid chains and glycerpl

Question 35

chemical digestion of proteins

Answer 35

stomach = hydrochloric acid uncoils each protein allowing gastric pepsin breaks peptide bonds making shorter polypeptide chains small intestine = trypsin and chymotrypsin break down shorter peptide chains. intestinal peptidase completes digestion.

Question 36

what are villi

Answer 36

small spikes on small intestine increasing surface area and allow for greater diffusion of water and nutrients into bloodstream

Question 37

what are probiotics

Answer 37

bacteria found in certain foods providing numerous health benefits

Question 38

what is malabsorption

Answer 38

refers to difficulty absorbing nutrients.

Question 39

malabsorption diseases/conditions

Answer 39

- coeliac disease - lactose intolerance - cholestasis - chron's disease

Question 40

signs of malabsorption syndromes

Answer 40

- pale and frothy stools | - diarrhea high in fat content

Question 41

treatment of malabsorption syndromes

Answer 41

avoiding or replacing substances malabsorbed

Question 42

coeliac disease - definition - symptoms - dietary management

Answer 42

- response to gluten consumption. villi become damaged reducing area for absorption of nutrients - bloating, diarrhoea, vomiting, ab cramps - strict gluten free diet = NO CURE

Question 43

lactose intolerance - definition - symptoms - dietary management

Answer 43

- inability to digest disaccaride lactose - bloating, excess gas - determine amount you can tolerate as eliminating can cause deficiancies

Question 44

how to calculate energy expenditure

Answer 44

BMR, physical activity, thermic effect

Question 45

how to calculate energy balance

Answer 45

intake - expenditure

Question 46

evaluate energy balance

Answer 46

``` negative = weight loss positive = weight gain 0 = good energy balance ```